Fine motor skills in a population of children in remote Australia with high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Table 3 Prevalence of severe (≥ −2SD) and moderate (≥ −1SD) fine motor impairment in children with no PAE; PAE (no FASD); and FASD

	Total Cohort n = 108^a	No PAE n = 43	PAE (no FASD) n = 39	FASD n = 21
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Fine Motor Composite
- ≥ 2SD	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0	1 (4.8)
- ≥ 1SD	16 (14.8)	5 (11.6)	3 (7.7)	6 (28.6)
Fine Manual Control
-≥ 2SD	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)
-≥ 1SD	42 (38.9)*	16 (37.2)*	14 (35.9)*	10 (47.6)**
Fine Motor Precision
- ≥ 2SD	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)
- ≥ 1SD	33 (30.6)	12 (27.9)	11 (28.2)	9 (42.9)*
Fine Motor Integration
- ≥ 2SD	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)
- ≥ 1SD	48 (44.4)*	17 (39.5)*	15 (38.5)*	13 (61.9)**
Manual Coordination
- ≥ 2SD	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
- ≥ 1SD	2 (1.9)	1 (2.3)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)
Manual Dexterity
- ≥ 2SD	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)
- ≥ 1SD	11 (10.2)	5 (11.6)	0 (0)	5 (23.8)
Upper-Limb Coordination
- ≥ 2SD	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
- ≥ 1SD	5 (4.6)	2 (4.7)	2 (5.1)	1 (4.8)

- ≥ 2SD = ≤ 2nd percentile; − ≥ 1SD = ≤ 16th percentile
* = at least twice, and ** = at least three times, the rate of BOT-2 norms
^a ‘Total Cohort’ includes n = 5 children with unknown PAE who are not included in the No PAE, PAE (no FASD), or FASD group

ISSN: 1471-2431