Gestational age at birth and behavioral problems from four to 11 years of age: birth cohort study

BMC Pediatrics

Table 4 Crude and adjusted coefficients for CBCL scores (total score, internalizing and externalizing problems) with standard errors (SE) at 4 years of age among singleton pregnancies (37+ weeks of gestational age = reference category)

Gestational age (completed weeks)	Models	Total CBCL		Internalizing problems		Externalizing problems
Gestational age (completed weeks)	Models	Beta (SE)	p-value	Beta (SE)	p-value	Beta (SE)	p-value
	Model 1^a		0.003		0.002		0.002
<34		4.4 (1.9)		−0.03 (0.5)		2.0 (0.8)
34–36		2.2 (0.9)		0.6 (0.3)		0.6 (0.4)
37+		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)
	Model 2^b		0.027		0.170		0.076
<34		3.7 (1.8)		−0.2 (0.5)		1.7 (0.8)
34–36		1.7 (0.9)		0.5 (0.3)		0.4 (0.4)
37+		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)
	Model 3^c		0.051		0.204		0.117
<34		3.3 (1.8)		−0.3 (0.5)		1.6 (0.8)
34–36		1.5 (0.9)		0.4 (0.3)		0.3 (0.4)
37+		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)
	Model 4^d		0.336		0.188		0.472
<34		2.0 (2.1)		−0.5 (0.6)		1.1 (0.9)
34–36		1.3 (0.9)		0.4 (0.3)		0.2 (0.4)
37+		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)
	Model 5^e		0.356		0.263		0.382
<34		2.5 (2.1)		−0.5 (0.6)		1.3 (0.9)
34–36		1.0 (1.0)		0.3 (0.3)		0.1 (0.4)
37+		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)		0.0 (reference)

^aModel 1 = crude analysis
^bModel 2 = Model 1 + family income, maternal marital status, maternal skin color and maternal schooling
^cModel 3 = Model 2 + maternal age, parity and smoking during pregnancy
^dModel 4 = Model 3 + type of delivery, child’s sex, low birth weight, Apgar at 1st and 5th minute of life, intensive care hospitalization at birth
^eModel 5 = Model 4 + hospitalization in the 1st year of life, breastfeeding, and maternal depression at the two-year follow-up

ISSN: 1471-2431