Characterizing early child growth patterns of height-for-age in an urban slum cohort of Bangladesh with functional principal component analysis

Table 3 Risk factors associated with growth faltering measure (adj-FPC2 score) from linear regression, separately for boys and girls^a

	Boys			Girls
Risk factor	Coefficient	p-value	Adj. p-value^c	Coefficient	p-value	Adj. p-value^c
(Intercept)	3.392	<0.0001	–	3.692	<0.0001	–
HAZ at birth	0.945	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.402	<0.0001	<0.0001
Maternal height (cm)	−0.004	0.7246	0.7672	0.011	0.0743	0.1486
Maternal weight (kg)	−0.007	0.3314	0.4780	−0.008	0.0327	0.0840
Income (1000 Bangladesh taka)	−0.047	0.0086	0.0221	−0.012	0.2090	0.3134
Mother with any formal education	−0.076	0.4656	0.5717	0.006	0.9280	0.9280
Family size ≥ 5	0.273	0.0101	0.0226	0.012	0.8428	0.9280
Preterm birth (<37 weeks)	0.180	0.4764	0.5717	−0.202	0.1332	0.2180
Household water supply from municipality	−0.328	0.1962	0.3531	−0.411	0.0062	0.0185
Food coverage practiced at household	0.237	0.3452	0.4780	−0.262	0.0559	0.1257
Having an animal in the house	−0.353	0.0402	0.0804	−0.082	0.5801	0.6961
Access to a septic tank/toilet	−0.096	0.3283	0.4780	−0.008	0.9024	0.9280
Duration of exclusive breast-feeding ≤ 6 months	0.013	0.6680	0.7515	−0.014	0.4498	0.5784
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding > 6 months	0.056	0.0071	0.0213	−0.015	0.2602	0.3603
≥2 diarrheal episodes in first 6 months	0.009	0.9243	0.9243	−0.094	0.0980	0.1764
Stratum 2	−0.570	0.0002	0.0006	−0.312	0.0003	0.0009
Stratum 3	−1.033	<0.0001	<0.0001	−0.694	<0.0001	<0.0001
Stratum 4	−1.553	<0.0001	<0.0001	−1.118	<0.0001	<0.0001
Stratum 5^b	−2.602	<0.0001	<0.0001	−1.641	<0.0001	<0.0001

Abbreviations: HAZ height-for-age z-score
^a R ² = 0.64 for boys and R ² = 0.63 for girl
^bStrata were defined based on the FPC1 score with respect to the WHO reference FPC1 score. Stratum 5 represents children who were classified into the strata of 50th to 98th percentiles because of the few children in these strata
^cAdjusted p-value corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) using the Benjamini and Hochberg method (1995)

ISSN: 1471-2431