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Table 5 Comparing social participation between children with and without hearing loss

From: Social inclusion for children with hearing loss in listening and spoken Language early intervention: an exploratory study

Item

  

Hearing loss

HL

n (%)

No HL

n (%)

OR (95% CI)

Wald

P

SE

Activities completed with a family member in the past month

 

Gone to a moviea

42 (53.8)

1256 (38.5)

1.68 (1.06–2.69)

4.77

.029

.238

 

Gone to a playground/swimming poola

75 (96.2)

3056 (93.6)

1.98 (0.46–8.44)

0.85

.356

.740

 

Gone to a sporting event where child was not a playera

36 (46.2)

1387 (42.5)

1.17 (0.73–1.87)

0.44

.507

.238

 

Gone to a live performance for childrena

2456 (75.2)

806 (24.7)

1.62 (1.00–2.63)

3.81

.051

.248

 

Attended a school cultural or community eventa

57 (73.1)

1705 (52.2)

1.93 (1.15–3.23)

6.21

.013

.263

 

Attended a religious servicea

23 (29.5)

1127 (34.5)

0.59 (0.35–0.99)

3.93

.047

.268

 

Visited a librarya

49 (62.8)

1710 (52.4)

1.26 (0.78–2.03)

0.87

.350

.245

 

Visited a museum or art gallerya

18 (23.1)

543 (16.6)

1.34 (0.77–2.32)

1.09

.297

.280

Special/extra cost activities completed in the last 6 months

 

Swimminga

37 (47.4)

1499 (45.9)

0.89 (0.56–1.42)

0.23

.629

.238

 

Gymnastics/kinder gyma

10 (12.8)

327 (10.0)

1.17 (0.59–2.32)

0.19

.665

.352

 

Team sports (e.g. athletics, football)a

12 (15.4)

316 (9.7)

1.44 (0.76–2.72)

1.24

.266

.326

 

Musical instruments or singinga

3 (3.8)

168 (5.1)

0.61 (0.19–1.98)

0.67

.414

.599

 

Ballet or other dancea

13 (16.7)

481 (14.7)

0.94 (0.50–1.77)

0.04

.851

.322

 

Children’s religious group (e.g. Sunday school)a

6 (7.7)

425 (13.0)

0.48 (0.19–1.20)

2.46

.117

.469

 

Othera

15 (19.2)

166 (5.1)

4.24 (2.30–7.82)

21.43

<.001*

.312

  1. n (%) the number and percentage of participants who provided this response; HL hearing loss; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; * = statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustment (adjusted alpha = 0.05/15 = 0.003. Analyses were adjusted for the child’s age and the primary caregiver’s level of education
  2. aResponse options on survey: yes; no