Fig. 4

Gut microbiota composition before and after introduction of complementary foods (CFs). a Median relative abundance of dominant phyla and families before and after introduction of CFs, by feeding group. Dominant taxa are those with >0% median relative abundance. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) by Wilcoxon ranked sum test, compared to Cer group. b Mean relative abundance of dominant microbiota phyla by feeding group, before and after introduction of CFs. c Relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae after introduction of CFs. Bars indicate medians. *Significant difference (p < 0.05) by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. d Principal components analysis of microbiota community structures (unweighted UniFrac distance) after introduction of CFs; statistical comparison by PERMANOVA with 500 permutations