Support for the feasibility of the ages and stages questionnaire as a developmental screening tool: a cross-sectional study of South African and Zambian children aged 2-60 months

van Heerden, Alastair; Hsiao, Celia; Matafwali, Beatrice; Louw, Julia; Richter, Linda

doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0802-3

Table 3 Mean scores: comparative results for five countries

From: Support for the feasibility of the ages and stages questionnaire as a developmental screening tool: a cross-sectional study of South African and Zambian children aged 2-60 months

TP	Sample	N	Communication		Gross motor		Fine motor		Problem-solving		Social-personal
TP	Sample	N	Mean	P-Value	Mean	P-Value	Mean	P-Value	Mean	P-Value	Mean	P-Value
4	US	1380	51 (9.00)	0.00*	55 (7.00)	0.00*	49 (11.00)	0.03*	53 (9.00)	0.59	51 (9.00)	0.18
	Norway	176	50 (8.00)	0.00*	55 (7.00)	0.00*	50 (11.00)	0.14	55 (6.00)	0.12	50 (10.00)	0.07
	Korea	99	51.9 (8.40)	0.00*	50.9 (11.10)	0.00*	45.8 (13.97)	0.00*	52.9 (10.99)	0.68	48.6 (11.10)	0.02*
	Spain	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	S.A.	38	57.25 (5.66)		58.59 (4.13)		52.63 (9.47)		52.00 (11.37)		52.89 (8.43)
8	US	1285	54 (9.00)	0.03*	50 (13.00)	0.00*	54 (9.00)	0.00*	52 (10.00)	1	51 (11.00)	0.14
	Norway	165	53 (7.00)	0.00*	47 (13.00)	0.00*	56 (7.00)	0.19	52 (8.00)	1	51 (8.00)	0.16
	Korea	82	43.66 (10.50)	0.00*	48.35 (12.65)	0.00*	46.95 (14.50)	0.00*	47.5 (10.50)	0.06	47.56 (11.15)	0.00*
	Spain	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	S.A.	40	56.13 (5.83)		55.00 (8.16)		57.50 (6.20)		52.00 (12.75)		53.25 (9.23)
12	US	1091	42 (13.00)	0.00*	49 (15.00)	0.27	49 (10.00)	0.01*	49 (12.00)	0.79	45 (13.00)	0.64
	Norway	145	42 (14.00)	0.00*	46 (16.00)	0.03*	52 (9.00)	0.00*	51 (10.00)	0.46	44 (12.00)	0.96
	Korea	124	43.32 (13.68)	0.00*	51.64 (13.82)	0.92	48.79 (13.43)	0.05*	47.88 (14.19)	0.47	41.28 (13.75)	0.33
	Spain	34	39 (13.00)	0.00*	40 (20.00)	0.01*	46 (14.00)	0.64	49 (11.00)	0.85	38 (14.00)	0.08
	S.A.	40	55.50 (6.68)		51.38 (13.2)		44.63 (10.58)		49.50 (11.65)		43.88 (14.70)
16	US	976	49 (12.00)	0.49	55 (12.00)	0.25	52 (11.00)	0.42	50 (11.00)	0.38	48 (11.00)	0.00*
	Norway	146	42 (13.00)	0.01*	57 (9.00)	0.03*	54 (8.00)	0.07	54 (9.00)	0.18	48 (10.00)	0.00*
	Korea	128	38.05 (15.22)	0.00*	54.66 (13.62)	0.42	45.73 (16.09)	0.04*	46.64 (15.42)	0.03*	44.14 (13.31)	0.00*
	Spain	34	38 (13.00)	0.00*	52 (10.00)	0.68	45 (8.00)	0.02*	46 (10.00)	0.02*	46 (13.00)	0.01*
	S.A.	40	47.63 (12.30)		53.00 (10.49)		50.50 (11.37)		51.50 (10.51)		52.75 (7.68)
20	US	845	48 (11.00)	0.44	55 (10.00)	0.57	54 (7.00)	0.00*	49 (10.00)	0.00*	53 (9.00)	0.65
	Norway	138	47 (15.00)	0.74	57 (6.00)	0.07	52 (9.00)	0.00*	50 (9.00)	0.00*	51 (9.00)	0.11
	Korea	144	39.27 (16.38)	0.02*	55.76 (8.84)	0.33	45.35 (11.66)	0.58	45.38 (12.30)	0.02*	50.35 (10.12)	0.05*
	Spain	56	38 (16.00)	0.01*	52 (12.00)	0.32	50 (10.00)	0.01*	44 (11.00)	0.16	47 (12.00)	0.00*
	S.A.	41	46.10 (15.39)		54.15 (9.35)		44.15 (12.14)		40.73 (11.16)		53.66 (9.15)
24	US	820	50 (11.00)	0.85	54 (9.00)	1	53 (8.00)	0.00*	51 (10.00)	0.02*	52 (8.00)	0.14
	Norway	128	53 (10.00)	0.23	56 (6.00)	0.3	53 (8.00)	0.00*	50 (9.00)	0.06	51 (8.00)	0.39
	Korea	144	48.92 (14.49)	0.53	55.28 (9.96)	0.53	48.33 (10.45)	0.08	48.75 (11.95)	0.2	48.54 (11.26)	0.68
	Spain	56	44 (17.00)	0.04*	50 (12.00)	0.1	53 (11.00)	0.00*	48 (NA)	NA	48 (10.00)	0.54
	S.A.	39	50.38 (12.42)		54.00 (11.39)		44.13 (13.58)		45.75 (13.04)		49.36 (10.83)
30	US	562	56 (9.00)	0.00*	51 (10.00)	0.00*	50 (12.00)	0.06	51 (11.00)	0.00*	53 (8.00)	0.00*
	Norway	134	57 (7.00)	0.00*	56 (6.00)	0.93	50 (13.00)	0.08	52 (9.00)	0.00*	53 (7.00)	0.00*
	Korea	223	53.21 (12.92)	0.04*	53.68 (12.43)	0.2	49.53 (14.33)	0.1	51.05 (13.69)	0.00*	49.84 (12.25)	0.08
	Spain	86	54 (10.00)	0.02*	53 (8.00)	0.1	53 (11.00)	0.01*	49 (NA)	NA	51 (8.00)	0.02*
	S.A.	40	49.15 (11.17)		55.87 (9.40)		45.12 (15.59)		41.71 (13.26)		46.87 (9.32)
36	US	512	54 (8.00)	0.38	55 (10.00)	0.2	52 (11.00)	0.39	55 (8.00)	0.00*	53 (7.00)	0.06
	Norway	126	54 (7.00)	0.41	56 (7.00)	0.65	52 (10.00)	0.42	54 (9.00)	0.01*	53 (8.00)	0.08
	Korea	226	54.82 (10.51)	0.83	55.2 (10.85)	0.31	53.25 (11.02)	0.15	53.24 (10.51)	0.03*	50.11 (10.68)	1
	Spain	70	54 (9.00)	0.49	52 (11.00)	0.01*	54 (9.00)	0.09	48 (NA)	NA	51 (9.00)	0.63
	S.A.	41	55.12 (7.70)		56.59 (7.37)		50.36 (11.69)		48.42 (12.77)		50.12 (9.39)
48	US	336	56 (9.00)	0.01*	52 (10.00)	0.00*	44 (14.00)	0.00*	57 (8.00)	0.00*	49 (13.00)	0.57
	Norway	100	56 (6.00)	0.01*	54 (9.00)	0.03*	50 (13.00)	0.00*	54 (9.00)	0.00*	56 (7.00)	0.00*
	Korea	224	52.55 (9.70)	0.33	52.5 (8.25)	0.00*	51.09 (10.00)	0.00*	52.05 (8.67)	0.00*	53.86 (7.29)	0.01*
	Spain	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	S.A.	40	50.50 (12.39)		57.25 (7.16)		29.62 (14.97)		40.38 (12.37)		47.75 (13.06)
60	US	125	50 (9.00)	0.4	52 (10.00)	0.00*	51 (10.00)	0.00*	51 (11.00)	0.00*	54 (7.00)	0.38
	Norway	82	55 (5.00)	0.00*	55 (6.00)	0.00*	51 (10.00)	0.00*	52 (9.00)	0.00*	56 (7.00)	0.41
	Korea	321	50.64 (10.10)	0.21	53.18 (9.63)	0.00*	52.65 (9.61)	0.00*	55.05 (9.19)	0.00*	54.06 (7.91)	0.36
	Spain	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	S.A.	40	48.50 (9.95)		59.25 (2.67)		32.63 (18.64)		31.13 (12.06)		55.00 (5.88)

*p < 0.05

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