Table 2 The scores of measures (n = 255)
Variables (Reference range) | Mean (SD) scores |
|---|---|
Korean Parenting Alliance Inventory (K-PAI)a | |
 Caretaking activity (10–40) | 32.1 (5.0) |
 Shared philosophy and perceptions of parenting (2–8) | 6.8 (1.2) |
 Emotional appraisal of spouse’s parenting (5–20) | 16.6 (2.3) |
 Total scores (17–68) | 55.5 (7.4) |
Parenting Stress Index (PSI)b | |
 Parental distress (10–40) | 14.0 (3.8) |
 Difficult child (7–28) | 13.4 (3.1) |
 Parent–child dysfunctional interaction (8–32) | 18.5 (3.0) |
 Total scores (25–100) | 45.8 (7.3) |
Korean-Ages and Stages Questionnaire II (K-ASQ II)c | |
 Communication (0–60) | 51.6 (8.6) |
 Gross motor (0–60) | 49.5 (11.0) |
 Fine motor (0–60) | 44.0 (11.3) |
 Problem-solving (0–60) | 49.0 (10.0) |
 Personal/social (0–60) | 49.1 (10.2) |
 Total scores (0–300) | 243.2 (37.4) |