Table 1 Maternal demographics and clinical characteristics with respect to CB vitamin D status

Age (years)

30.6+/−5.7

(29.4–31.8)

29.9+/−5.1

(28.8–31.1)

32.6+/−5.3

(31.5–33.8)

<0.01

Medicaid/uninsured

16.0%

(9.9–24.7)

8.8%

(4.3–16.9)

6.7%

(3.1–13.6)

0.09

Weight at birth (pounds)

175+/−41

(167–183)

172+/−34

(165–180)

174+/−39

(166–182)

0.89

Multiple gestation

1.1%

(0.002–0.06)

1.3%

(0.002–0.07)

3.3%

(0.11–0.09)

0.47

Nulliparity (%)

27.7%

(19.6–37.4)

38.8%

(28.8–49.7)

36.3%

(27.1–46.5)

0.26

First gravidity (%)

21.3%

(9.1–23.5)

26.3%

(14.7–32.8)

31.9%

(6.9–20.4)

0.56

Gravidity (number)

3.4+/−2.4

(2.9–3.9)

2.8+/−1.9

(2.3–3.2)

2.4+/−1.3

(2.1–2.6)

<0.01

Gestational age

38.9+/−1.3

(38.6–39.1)

39.2+/−1.2

(38.9–39.5)

39.0+/−1.3

(38.7–39.3)

0.15

Winter season deliveries

14.9%

(9.1–23.5)

22.5%

(14.7–32.8)

12.1%

(6.9–20.4)

0.17

Cesarean section

32.9%

(24.3–42.9)

35.0%

(25.5–45.9)

41.8%

(32.2–52.1)

0.44

Vitamins supplementation

66.0%

(60.3–78.5)

77.5%

(67.2–85.3)

67.0%

(56.9–75.8)

0.20

Iron supplementation

8.5%

(4.4–15.9)

3.8%

(1.3–10.5)

2.2%

(0.6–7.7)

0.15

Thyroid medications

9.6%

(5.1–17.2)

8.8%

(4.3–16.9)

8.8%

(4.5–16.4)

0.98

Substance abuse (smoking/alcohol/drugs)

3.2%

(1.1–8.9)

5.0%

(2.0–12.2)

6.6%

(3.1–13.6)

0.56

Morbidities during pregnancy

21.3%

(14.2–30.6)

26.3%

(17.9–36.8)

23.1%

(15.6–32.7)

0.74

Diabetes

10.6%

(5.9–18.5)

12.5%

(6.9–21.5)

7.7%

(3.8–15.1)

0.57