Gender
|
Male
|
593 (54.5)
|
122 (20.6)
|
471 (79.4)
|
Reference
|
312 (66.2)
|
159 (33.8)
|
Reference
|
Female
|
495 (45.5)
|
100 (20.2)
|
395 (79.8)
|
1.0 (0.8–1.4)
|
256 (64.8)
|
139 (35.2)
|
1.1 (0.8–1.4)
|
Age (years)
|
2 ~ < 3
|
218 (20.0)
|
31 (14.2)
|
187 (85.8)
|
Reference
|
106 (56.7)
|
81 (43.3)
|
Reference
|
3 ~ < 4
|
352 (32.4)
|
61 (17.3)
|
291 (82.7)
|
0.8 (0.5–1.3)
|
181 (62.2)
|
110 (37.8)
|
0.8 (0.5–1.2)
|
4 ~ < 5
|
331 (30.4)
|
65 (19.6)
|
266 (80.4)
|
0.7 (0.4–1.1)
|
179 (67.3)
|
87 (32.7)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.9)*
|
5 ~ 6
|
187 (17.2)
|
65 (34.8)
|
122 (65.2)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.5)*
|
102 (83.6)
|
20 (16.4)
|
0.3 (0.1–0.4)*
|
Episode of respiratory symptoms in the past 6 months
|
0
|
308 (28.3)
|
59 (19.2)
|
249 (80.8)
|
Reference
|
155 (62.2)
|
94 (37.8)
|
Reference
|
1 ~ 2
|
679 (62.4)
|
148 (21.8)
|
531 (78.2)
|
0.9 (0.6–1.2)
|
350 (65.9)
|
181 (34.1)
|
0.9 (0.6–1.2)
|
≥ 3
|
101 (9.3)
|
15 (14.9)
|
86 (85.1)
|
1.4 (0.7–2.5)
|
63 (73.3)
|
23 (26.7)
|
0.6 (0.4–1.0)
|
Antibiotic consumption within previous 3 months (n = 875, 213 missing data)
|
No
|
524 (59.9)
|
101 (19.3)
|
423 (80.7)
|
Reference
|
279 (66.0)
|
144 (34.0)
|
Reference
|
Yes
|
351 (40.1)
|
85 (24.2)
|
266 (75.8)
|
0.7 (0.5–1.0)
|
179 (67.3)
|
87 (32.7)
|
0.9 (0.7–1.3)
|
Mother’s education level (n = 1,059, 29 missing data)
|
Elementary school
|
225 (21.2)
|
45 (20.0)
|
180 (80.0)
|
Reference
|
100 (55.6)
|
80 (44.4)
|
Reference
|
Middle/high school
|
592 (55.9)
|
111 (18.8)
|
481 (81.3)
|
1.1 (0.7–1.6)
|
312 (64.9)
|
169 (35.1)
|
0.7 (0.5–1.0)*
|
College/university
|
242 (22.9)
|
56 (23.1)
|
186 (76.9)
|
0.8 (0.5–1.3)
|
143 (76.9)
|
43 (23.1)
|
0.4 (0.2–0.6)*
|
Father’s education level (n = 1,063, 25 missing data)
|
Elementary school
|
186 (17.5)
|
36 (19.4)
|
150 (80.6)
|
Reference
|
83 (55.3)
|
67 (44.7)
|
Reference
|
Middle/high school
|
584 (54.9)
|
106 (18.2)
|
478 (81.8)
|
1.1 (0.7–1.6)
|
298 (62.3)
|
180 (37.7)
|
0.7 (0.5–1.1)
|
College/university
|
293 (27.6)
|
70 (23.9)
|
223 (76.1)
|
0.8 (0.5–1.2)
|
176 (78.9)
|
47 (21.1)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.5)*
|
Location of kindergarten (city)
|
Shantou
|
699 (64.2)
|
162 (23.2)
|
537 (76.8)
|
Reference
|
348 (64.8)
|
189 (35.2)
|
Reference
|
Jieyang
|
196 (18.0)
|
39 (19.9)
|
157 (80.1)
|
1.2 (0.8–1.8)
|
106 (67.5)
|
51 (32.5)
|
0.9 (0.6–1.3)
|
Chaozhou
|
193 (17.7)
|
21 (10.9)
|
172 (89.1)
|
2.5 (1.5–4.0)*
|
114 (66.3)
|
58 (33.7)
|
0.9 (0.7–1.3)
|