Table 2 Complications and uncommon clinical manifestations of norovirus infection in 2004–2012 in northern Taiwan
% Symptoms | 2004/2005 winter (N = 35) | 2006/2007 winter (N = 75) | P -value b | 2008/09/10 winter (N = 36) | P-value | 2011/12 winter (N = 43) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdominal pain or irritability | 22.9 (8) | 21.3 (16) | 0.937 | 41.7 (15) | 0.033 | 44.2 (19) | 0.014 |
GI Hemorrhage (gross and occult blood in stool) | 8.6 (3) | 14.7 (11) | 0.217 | 22.2 (8) | 0.047 | 23.3 (10) | 0.030 |
Electrolyte imbalance | 14.3 (5) | 13.3 (10) | 0.984 | 8.5 (3) | 0.475 | 11.6 (5) | 0.816 |
Fever >38 °C | 37.1 (13) | 36 (27) | 0.814 | 25 (9) | 0.208 | 62.8 (27) | 0.015 |
High fever >39 °C | 8.6 (3) | 9.3 (7) | 0.722 | 13.8 (5) | 0.330 | 34.9 (15) | 0.001 |
Convulsion | 2.9 (1) | 28 (21) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1) | 0.798 | 9.3 (4) | 0.266 |
Hypotension | 5.7 (2) | 6.7 (5) | 0.817 | 5.5 (2) | 0.983 | 4.6 (2) | 0.825 |
Hypoglycemia | 11.4 (4) | 20 (15) | 0.316 | 8.5 (3) | 0.475 | 6.9 (3) | 0.320 |
Disease severity score > 10 (severe) | 22.9 (8) | 26.6 (20) | 0.604 | 30.6 (11) | 0.403 | 23.3 (10) | 0.943 |
Modified severity score > 11 (severe) | 28.5 (10) | 32 (24) | 0.643 | 33.3 (12) | 0.572 | 30.2 (13) | 0.748 |
Predominant genotype/subgenotype, No. (%)a | ND | GII.4 2006b, (Den_Haag) 28 of 70 (40 %) | GII.4 2010, (New Orleans) 16 of 33 (48.5 %) | GII.4 Sydney, 11 of 37 (29.7 %) GII.4 2012b, 10 of 37 (27 %) |