Table 1 Characteristics of mothers and children delivered by cesarean and vaginal delivery
Variables | Total (n = 672) N (%) | Cesarean delivery (n = 325) N (%) | Vaginal delivery (n = 347) N (%) | P ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Current age of the child in months (X ± SD) a | 72.66 (5.32) | 72.97 (5.18) | 72.38 (5.43) | 0.149 |
Age of the mother at the time of birth | ||||
< 20 years | 104 (15.5) | 33 (10.2) | 71 (20.5) | <0.001 |
≥ 20 years | 568 (84.5) | 292 (89.8) | 276 (79.5) | – |
Gender of newborn | ||||
Male | 336 (50) | 156 (48) | 180 (51.9) | 0.316 |
Female | 336 (50) | 169 (52) | 167 (48.1) | – |
Weight at birth | ||||
< 2.500 kg | 30 (4.5) | 312 (96) | 330 (95.1) | 0.570 |
≥ 2.500 kg | 642 (95.5) | 13 (4) | 17 (4.9) | – |
Gestational age | ||||
<37 weeks | 28 (4.2) | 24 (7,4) | 19 (5.5) | 0.079 |
≥37 weeks | 644 (95.7) | 301 (92.6) | 328 (94.5) | – |
Family income | ||||
Up to 2 minimum wages | 477 (71) | 153 (47.1) | 42 (12.1) | <0.001 |
> 2 minimum wages | 195 (29) | 172 (52.9) | 305 (87.9) | – |
Mother’s schooling level | ||||
Up to 8 years of schooling | 202 (30.1) | 265 (81.5) | 205 (59.1) | <0.001 |
> 8 years of schooling | 470 (69.9) | 60 (18.5) | 142 (40.9) | – |
Exclusive breastfeeding up to the 4th month | ||||
Yes | 137 (20.4) | 76 (23.4) | 61 (17.6) | 0.062 |
No | 535 (79.6) | 249 (76.6) | 286 (82.4) | – |
Smoking during pregnancy | ||||
Yes | 20 (3) | 10 (3.1) | 10 (2.9) | 0.882 |
No | 652 (97) | 315 (96.9) | 337 (97.1) | – |
Number of persons who sleep in the room with the child | ||||
<4 people | 641 (95.1) | 316 (97.2) | 325 (93.7) | 0.027 |
≥4 people | 31 (4.6) | 9 (2.8) | 22 (6.3) | – |
Frequency at nursery to the age of 2 years | ||||
Yes | 104 (15.5) | 74 (22.8) | 30 (8.6) | <0.001 |
No | 568 (84.5) | 251 (77.2) | 317 (91.4) | – |
Pneumonia ever in life | ||||
Yes | 41 (6.1) | 17 (5.2) | 24 (6.9) | 0.362 |
No | 631 (93.9) | 308 (94.8) | 323 (93.1) | – |
Bronchiolitis in the 1st year | ||||
Yes | 65 (9.7) | 27 (8.3) | 38 (11) | 0.247 |
No | 607 (90.2) | 298 (91.7) | 309 (89) | – |
Maternities | ||||
Private | 199 (29.6) | 154 (47.4) | 45 (13) | <0.001 |
Public | 473 (70.4) | 171 (52.6) | 302 (87) | – |