Adiposity and carotid-intima media thickness in children and adolescents: a systematic review

BMC Pediatrics

Table 3 Other measures of associations between cIMT and adiposity measures in children and adolescents

Reference	Age range, years	Adiposity measure(s)	Measure of association		P value
Studies in mixed age or adolescent populations (mean age ≥12 years)
			Mean cIMT (mm)
Arnaiz 2010 [35]	6-16	Normal weight	0.50 ± 0.03		NR
		Overweight	0.49 ± 0.02
		Obese	0.49 ± 0.03
Elkiran 2013 [33]	11-15	Healthy weight	0.36 ± 0.009		0.001
		Overweight	0.52 ± 0.008
		Obese	0.53 ± 0.008 ^c
Ozguven et al. 2010 [34]	13-18	Normal weight	0.51 ± 0.005		<0.001
		Overweight	0.57 ± 0.009
		Obese	0.64 ± 0.007 ^d
Pandit et al. 2014 [36]	6-17	Normal weight	0.31 ± 0.01		<0.05
Pandit et al. 2014 [36]	6-17	Overweight/obese	0.34 ± 0.01
Urbina et al. 2009 [32]	10-24	Lean	0.52 ± 0.08		NS
Urbina et al. 2009 [32]	10-24	Obese	0.50 ± 0.09
Weghuber et al. 2013	4-18	Normal weight	0.5 (95 % CI 0.4 to 0.6)		<0.001
Weghuber et al. 2013	4-18	Overweight/obese	0.7 (95 % CI 0.6 to 0.7)
			cIMT >75th centile (%)
Caserta et al. 2010 [18]	11-13		Males	Females
		Non-overweight	28.3 %	20.7 %	<0.05
		Overweight	38.9 %	34.8 % ^a
		Obese	43.4 % ^a	41.4 % ^a,b
Studies in pre-adolescent populations (mean age <12 years)
			Mean cIMT (μm)
Geerts et al. 2012 [20]	5	BMI tertiles			0.17
		First	380.4 ± 37.4
		Second	387.4 ± 32.8
		Third	389.9 ± 41.0
			Change in cIMT (mm) per SD increase of adiposity measure
Whincup et al. 2012 [28]	NR, mean 10.8 ± 0.4	Ponderal index^a	−0.0007 (−0.0029 to 0.0015)		0.54
		Skinfolds^a	−0.0026 (−0.0048 to −0.0004)		0.02
		Fat mass index^a	−0.0019 (−0.0041 to 0.0003)		0.09

Numbers in bold were statistically significant (P < 0.05)
cIMT carotid intima-media thickness, NR not reported, NS not significant, p-value not reported, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
^aLog transformed and adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, observer, and month
^bFrom Fisher exact test compared to non-overweight
^cOverweight/obese compared to healthy weight
^dFrom Kruskal-Wallis test

ISSN: 1471-2431