Utility and feasibility of integrating pulse oximetry into the routine assessment of young infants at primary care clinics in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Pulse oximetry performance time and proportion of acceptable readings obtained within 1 min by site and by infant characteristics among young infants undergoing routine pulse oximetry at primary care clinics in Karachi, Pakistan

	Performance time (seconds), median (IQR)			Acceptable Sp0₂ value obtained in ≤ 1 min, % (n)
	Site 1	Site 2	p	Site 1	Site 2	p
Number of visits	481	381	-	481	381	-
Overall	44(39;50)	40(35;46)	<0.0001	94.4(454)	94.5(360)	0.9485
Age (days)^a
0 – 29	43(39;50)	40(34;45)	<0.0001	95.5(317)	98.1(209)	0.1011
30 – 59	45(40;51)	39.5(35;49.5)	<0.0001	91.5(137)	89.9(151)	0.5244
p	0.0771	0.2127		0.1193	0.0005
Sex
Male	44(39;50)	38(35;46)	<0.0001	95.3(244)	95.4(188)	0.9524
Female	44(40;50)	40(35;45)	<0.0001	93.3(210)	93.5(172)	0.9532
p	0.7880	0.6813		0.3467	0.4038
Weight (g)^b
980 - 3319	43(39;50)	40(35;45)	<0.0001	94.2(242)	96.5(166)	0.2693
3320 – 5900	45(39.5;50)	39(35;49)	<0.0001	94.6(212)	92.8(194)	0.4339
p	0.5961	0.5959		0.8197	0.1164
Reason for visit^c
Well baby	43(39;49)	40(35;44)	0.0225	95.0(94)	95.8(23)	0.8569
Visit foriIllness	44(39;50)	39(35;46)	<0.0001	94.2(360)	94.4(336)	0.9341
p	0.2563	0.8513		0.7849	0.7633
At least one IMCI criterion^d
No	44(39;50)	39(34;45)	<0.0001	94.0(331)	95.2(260)	0.5104
Yes	45(39;50)	40(35;47.5)	0.0022	95.4(123)	92.6(100)	0.3701
p	0.8151	0.1584		0.5789	0.3078
Time since start of study period^e
First period	45(40;50)	40(36;45)	p < 0.0001	97.1(233)	94.6(176)	0.1983
Second period	43(39;51)	38(33;46)	p < 0.0001	91.7(221)	94.4(184)	0.2830
p	0.4007	0.0190		0.0103	0.9099

^aAge in days categorized based on median. Correlation between performance time and age was also analyzed as a continuous variable: Site 1- Spearman’s Rho = 0.0927, p = 0.0422; Site 2- Spearman’s Rho = 0.0556, p = 0.2791
^bWeight in grams categorized based on median. Correlation between performance time and weight was also analyzed as a continuous variable: Site 1- Spearman’s Rho = 0.0625, p = 0.1710; Site 2- Spearman’s Rho = 0.0297, p = 0.5627
^cn = 861. One reason for visit was listed as “other”, and was excluded from these analyses
^dIntegrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) criteria assessed by the study worker: Temperature < 35.5 °C, temperature > 37.5 °C, respiratory rate ≥ 60, severe lower chest wall in-drawing, no movement or movement only on stimulation, observed convulsions, history of convulsions, history of poor feeding
^eDate of visit was used to categorize visits into study periods. First period included the first half of measurements for each site, while second period included the second half of measurements for each site. Correlation between performance time and time since start of the study was also analyzed as a continuous variable: Site 1- Spearman’s Rho = −0.0396, p = 0.3865; Site 2- Spearman’s Rho = −0.1809, p = 0.0004

ISSN: 1471-2431