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Table 3 Summary of the results of various parameters

From: High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with Williams-Beuren syndrome

 

Number (Percentage)

Glucose tolerance (n = 20)

 

Impaired fasting glucose

2 (10 %)

Impaired glucose tolerance or DM by OGTT

14 (70 %)

Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR>2)

8 (40 %)

Impaired insulin secretion

3 (15 %)

Renin-aldosterone system (n= 31)

 

Increased plasma renin level

14 (45 %)

Increased plasma aldosterone

12 (39 %)

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (n=24)

 

High blood pressure >90 percentile

7 (29)

Carotid artery ultrasound (n=15)

 

Increased IMT (>0.65 mm)

12 (80 %)

Endothelial dysfunction (n=15)

 

FMD <9 %

11 (73 %)

NG-induced dilatation <12 %

2 (13 %)

  1. OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test, DM: diabetes mellitus, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, IMT: intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, FMD: flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, NG: nitroglycerin