| Baseline | Week 8 (during treatment) |
---|---|---|
Supine | Â | Â |
Heart rate - beats/min | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 70 | 67 |
 Placebo group, mean | 72 | 69 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −2.0 (−4.1 to 0.1) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.06 |
SBP – mmHg |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 103 | 104 |
 Placebo group, mean | 107 | 103 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 1.4 (−1.0 to 3.9) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.25 |
MBP – mmHg |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 77 | 78 |
 Placebo group, mean | 80 | 77 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 1.3 (−0.7 to 3.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.19 |
DBP – mmHg |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 65 | 64 |
 Placebo group, mean | 66 | 63 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.8 (−1.0 to 2.7) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.37 |
SI - ml/m2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 47 | 46 |
 Placebo group, mean | 46 | 46 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.2 (−2.1 to 2.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.86 |
TPRI - mmHg/L/min/m2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 9.1 | 9.4 |
 Placebo group, mean | 8.9 | 8.9 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.5 (−0.1 to 1.1) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.11 |
SDNN – ms |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 74 | 78 |
 Placebo group, mean | 66 | 66 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 12.0 (−0.2 to 23.7) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.05 |
r-MSSD – ms |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 79 | 83 |
 Placebo group, mean | 65 | 70 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 13.1 (−3.2 to 29.5) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.11 |
pNN50 - % | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 40 | 40 |
 Placebo group, mean | 31 | 38 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 2.2 (−3.0 to 7.3) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.40 |
LF-HRV – nu |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 40 | 42 |
 Placebo group, mean | 43 | 38 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 3.7 (−0.5 to 8.0) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.08 |
HF-HRV – nu |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 60 | 58 |
 Placebo group, mean | 57 | 62 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −3.7 (−8.0 to 0.5) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.08 |
LF-HRV* - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 628 | 679 |
 Placebo group, mean | 451 | 487 |
 Ratio (95 % CI) |  | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.007 |
HF-HRV* - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 962 | 961 |
 Placebo group, mean | 600 | 825 |
 Ratio (95 % CI) |  | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.28 |
Total Power-HRV* - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 1991 | 2053 |
 Placebo group, mean | 1352 | 1638 |
 Ratio (95 % CI) |  | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.06 |
LF/HF-ratio* | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 0.65 | 0.70 |
 Placebo group, mean | 0.75 | 0.59 |
 Ratio (95 % CI) |  | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.09 |
LF-SBP – nu |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 39.3 | 38.0 |
 Placebo group, mean | 38.1 | 36.9 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 1.1 (−3.0 to 5.2) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.60 |
LF-SBP* - mmHgs2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 3.8 | 3.7 |
 Placebo group, mean | 3.0 | 3.2 |
 Ratio (95 % CI) |  | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.5) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.34 |
Response to 20° head-up tilt |  |  |
Heart rate - beats/min | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 5.2 | 4.9 |
 Placebo group, mean | 4.8 | 4.9 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.0 (−1.1 to 1.2) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.97 |
SBP – mmHg |  |  |
 Clonidine group, mean | 0.74 | −0.59 |
 Placebo group, mean | 0.15 | −0.01 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.58 (−2.2 to 1.0) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.48 |
MBP - mmHg | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 1.19 | 0.61 |
 Placebo group, mean | 0.94 | 1.23 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.63 (−2.1 to 0.8) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.39 |
DBP - mmHg | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 1.13 | 1.2 |
 Placebo group, mean | 1.58 | 1.8 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.59 (−2.0 to 0.8) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.40 |
SI - ml/m2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −5.9 | −4.5 |
 Placebo group, mean | −5.1 | −5.3 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.9 (−0.4 to 2.1) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.17 |
TPRI - mmHg/L/min/m2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 0.66 | 0.44 |
 Placebo group, mean | 0.60 | 0.62 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.18 (−0.47 to 0.11) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.22 |
SDNN - ms | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −5.1 | −7.9 |
 Placebo group, mean | −4.4 | −0.7 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −7.2 (−16.0 to 1.6) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.11 |
r-MSSD - ms | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −18 | −24 |
 Placebo group, mean | −16 | −17 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −7.6 (−19.6 to 4.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.11 |
pNN50 - % | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −14 | −11 |
 Placebo group, mean | −9 | −13 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 1.2 (−3.1 to 5.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.59 |
LF-HRV - nu | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 8.3 | 6.1 |
 Placebo group, mean | 6.7 | 9.2 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −3.1 (−7.4 to 1.1) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.15 |
HF-HRV - nu | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −8.3 | −6.1 |
 Placebo group, mean | −6.7 | −9.2 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 3.1 (−1.1 to 7.4) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.15 |
LF-HRV# - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −320 | −161 |
 Placebo group, mean | −176 | −171 |
 n.a. |  | n.a. |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.87 |
HF-HRV# - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −828 | −640 |
 Placebo group, mean | −523 | −629 |
 n.a. |  | n.a. |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.99 |
Total Power-HRV# - ms2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −1107 | −790 |
 Placebo group, mean | −668 | −736 |
 n.a. |  | n.a. |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.78 |
LF/HF-ratio | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 0.35 | 0.34 |
 Placebo group, mean | 0.44 | 0.55 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.21 (−0.46 to 0.04) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.09 |
LF-SBP - nu | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | 2.5 | 4.4 |
 Placebo group, mean | 3.2 | 3.7 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | 0.7 (−2.4 to 3.8) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.66 |
LF-SBP - mmHgs2 | Â | Â |
 Clonidine group, mean | −2.6 | −1.0 |
 Placebo group, mean | −0.6 | −0.2 |
 Difference (95 % CI) |  | −0.7 (−1.7 to 0.3) |
 p-value (clonidine vs. placebo) |  | 0.17 |