Ten-year experience of more than 35,000 orofacial clefts in Africa

BMC Pediatrics

Table 6 Characteristics of patients with associated anomalies, and the percentage of patients with affected relatives

Associated anomaly	Number	Percent	M:F ratio*
Growth	666	30.8	1.31
Eyes	354	16.4	1.28
Fingers/Toes	176	8.2	1.32
Skull	159	7.4	1.24
Limbs	147	6.8	1.45
Ears	142	6.6	1.29
Mental	125	5.8	1.16
Mandible	115	5.3	0.89
Heart	84	3.9	1.10
Skin	80	3.7	1.35
Urinary	61	2.8	2.05
Tongue	50	2.3	1.38
Total	2,159**	4.18 of total	1.38
		1.65% of CL
		5.38% of CP
		5.52% of CLP
Cleft type	Percent with immediate relative affected		Percent with distant relative affected
CL	1.79		2.42
CLP	3.54		3.82
CP	3.47		2.88
Total	2.93		3.27

*Abbreviation: M:F ratio male: female ratio.
**2,159 is the total number of anomalies seen, not the number of patients. Multiple anomalies found in one patient are considered individually. 6,546 is the number of anomalies when nose and speech defects are considered associated anomalies. In this review, they are considered related to the original defect.

ISSN: 1471-2431