Table 3 Risk factors for severe stunting in children aged 0-23 months and 0-59 months
Characteristic | Severely stunted children 0-23 Months | Severely stunted children 0-59 Months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Region | ||||
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Urban | 1.04 (0.64-1.70) | 1.33 (1.03-1.71) | ||
District | ||||
Ternate | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Tidore | 0.88 (0.29-2.68) | 0.60 (0.38-0.94) | ||
Central Halmahera | 1.10 (0.64-1.92) | 1.31 (0.91-1.88) | ||
East Halmahera | 1.70 (0.81-3.56) | 1.29 (0.81-2.06) | ||
West Halmahera | 0.40 (0.18-0.92) | 1.08 (0.78-1.50) | ||
North Halmahera | 0.93 (0.51-1.68) | 1.24 (0.84-1.83) | ||
South Halmahera | 0.85 (0.46-1.57) | 1.10 (0.82-1.45) | ||
Sula-Isles | 0.72 (0.37-1.40) | 0.91 (0.66-1.26) | ||
Household factors Father's education | ||||
Completed Elementary School (aged 7-12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Completed Middle School (aged 13-15) | 0.78 (0.48-1.26) | 0.89 (0.64-1.24) | ||
Completed High School (aged 16-18) | 0.75 (0.51-1.10) | 0.68 (0.50-0.91) | ||
Mother's education | ||||
Completed Elementary School (aged 7-12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Completed Middle School (aged 13-15) | 0.65 (0.41-1.05) | 0.70 (0.51-0.98) | ||
Completed High School (aged 16-18) | 0.63 (0.43-0.92) | 0.66 (0.49-0.88) | ||
Parental education | ||||
Both with high education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Father with high education | 1.07 (0.44-2.63) | 1.37 (0.92-2.04) | ||
Mother with high education | 1.51 (0.97-2.35) | 1.38 (1.09-1.73) | ||
Neither with high education | 1.62 (1.09-2.41) | 1.43 (1.11-1.84) | ||
Provided with nutritional information during pregnancy | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.78 (0.56-1.07) | 0.77 (0.57-1.03) | ||
Father's occupation | ||||
Any Labour | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Fisherman | 0.80 (0.49-1.32) | 0.92 (0.70-1.19) | 1.13 (0.85-1.52) | |
No work | 1.45 (0.63-3.34) | 1.65 (0.92-2.94) | 2.04 (1.17-3.53) | |
Government private officer | 0.68 (0.42-1.10) | 0.63 (0.45-0.89) | 0.79 (0.55-1.14) | |
Mother's occupation | ||||
Any Labour | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Fisherwoman | 1.33 (0.62-2.88) | 1.31 (0.78-2.22) | ||
No work | 0.93 (0.63-1.39) | 0.98 (0.75-1.28) | ||
Government private officer | 1.01 (0.51-2.01) | 0.83 (0.49-1.40) | ||
Parental employment | ||||
Both working | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Father only working | 0.87 (0.60-1.26) | 0.97 (0.79-1.18) | ||
Mother only working | 0.88 (0.16-4.74) | 1.83 (0.97-3.47) | ||
Neither working | 1.90 (0.72-5.01) | 0.95 (0.47-1.92) | ||
Household wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 0.78 (0.52-1.18) | 0.87 (0.65-1.16) | 0.89 (0.66-1.20) |
Least Poor | 0.43 (0.24 -0.79) | 0.42 (0.23-0.79) | 0.50 (0.33-0.75) | 0.52 (0.33-0.82) |
Household member | ||||
≤5 members | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
6-12 members | 0.86 (0.59-1.24) | 0.90 (0.73-1.11) | ||
Family Meals per day | ||||
2 Times | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
>2 Times | 0.89 (0.60-1.32) | 0.93 (0.69-1.26) | ||
Child level factors | ||||
Child's age (months) | 1.08 (1.05-1.12) | 1.08 (1.05-1.12) | 1.03 (1.02-1.04) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 0.63 (0.45-0.89) | 0.58 (0.42-0.81) | 0.77 (0.63-0.95) | 0.72 (0.58-0.90) |
Antenatal visit | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.89 (0.60-1.32) | 0.77 (0.57-1.03) | ||