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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of vaccinated and comparison groups in the first 6 months of life

From: Pneumococcal vaccination and otitis media in Australian Aboriginal infants: comparison of two birth cohorts before and after introduction of vaccination

Clinical Characteristic

Vaccinated

N = 94

Comparison

N = 41

Mean Difference or Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Mean

Age at first examination (in days)

41

60

-18 (-31 – -5)

 

Well clinic visits

4.84

10.3

-5.48 (-7.21 – -3.75)

 

Sick clinic visits

6.95

8.90

-1.96 (-4.46 – 0.55)

 

Upper respiratory illnesses*

1.33

1.00

0.33 (-0.21 – 0.87)

 

Lower respiratory illnesses

0.98

3.21

-2.24 (-2.89 – -1.59)

 

Non-respiratory illnesses

2.80

2.71

0.09 (-1.06 – 1.24)

 

Diarrhoeal illnesses

0.62

0.85

-0.24 (-0.76 – 0.28)

 

Antibiotic prescriptions

3.54

4.51

-0.97 (-2.30 – 0.37)

Proportion

Failure to thrive

5 (5%)

1 (2%)

2.25 (0.24 – 109)

 

External nasal discharge

27 (29%)

12 (29%)

1.02 (0.45 – 2.31)

 

Admitted to hospital

18 (19%)

9 (22%)

0.84 (0.32 – 2.37)

 

Late immunisation†

14 (15%)

18 (44%)

0.22 (0.09 – 0.56)

 

Tests positive for anaemia‡

24%

36%

-12 (-40 – 15)

  1. Note: 3 vaccinated and 10 comparison participants were excluded from clinical comparison in the first 6 months of life as their first examinations occurred at greater than 6 months of age.
  2. *Upper respiratory illness includes OM or other upper respiratory tract infections.
  3. †Immunisation greater than one month after due date.
  4. ‡Anaemia defined as haemoglobin level less than 9 g/dL.