Table 3 Mean energy intake and macronutrient intakes in preschool children by gender and the household wealth status
From: Energy and macronutrient intakes in preschool children in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nutrients | Poorest (n = 225) | Medium (n = 222) | Wealthiest (n = 223) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |||
Energy (kcal) | Total | 1592.2 | 1541.8, 1642.6 | 1598.8 | 1555.0, 1642.7 | 1617.8 | 1578.3, 1657.2 | 0.555 |
Boys | 1583.1 | 1509.0, 1657.4 | 1677.2 | 1590.6, 1763.9 | 1681.3 | 1622.0, 1740.6 | 0.106 | |
Girls | 1601.3 | 1540.0, 1662.6 | 1534.6 | 1484.5, 1584.7 | 1543.4 | 1492.0, 1594.9 | 0.532 | |
Protein (g) | Total | 72.5 | 70.4, 74.6 | 76.3 | 72.6, 80.1 | 76.1 | 74.3, 77.9 | 0.070 |
Boys | 71.4 | 68.2, 74.5 | 70.5 | 67.6, 73.4 | 79.3 | 77.1, 81.6 | 0.0061 | |
Girls | 73.6 | 70.0, 77.3 | 73.1 | 71.0, 75.3 | 72.3 | 69.9, 74.7 | 0.308 | |
Animal protein (g) | Total | 25.9 | 24.8, 27.0 | 47.2 | 45.4, 49.0 | 50.1 | 48.7, 51.5 | 0.0081 |
Boys | 25.7 | 24.2, 27.3 | 48.9 | 46.1, 51.7 | 52.6 | 50.9, 54.2 | 0.0001 | |
Girls | 51.3 | 48.0, 54.5 | 45.8 | 43.4, 48.3 | 51.2 | 49.1, 53.3 | 0.270 | |
Vegetable protein (g) | Total | 28.1 | 26.9, 29.3 | 25.7 | 24.9, 26.4 | 25.8 | 24.8, 26.8 | 0.931 |
Boys | 27.9 | 26.2, 29.6 | 27.2 | 25.9, 28.5 | 26.6 | 25.2, 27.9 | 0.405 | |
Girls | 26.1 | 24.9, 27.3 | 24.4 | 23.5, 25.3 | 24.9 | 23.6, 26.2 | 0.633 | |
Fat (g) | Total | 37.8 | 36.3, 39.2 | 38.5 | 36.6, 40.4 | 38.8 | 37.5, 40.0 | 0.581 |
Boys | 37.4 | 34.9, 39.8 | 39.8 | 36.6, 43.0 | 40.6 | 38.9, 42.4 | 0.099 | |
Girls | 38.2 | 36.0, 40.3 | 37.5 | 35.6, 39.4 | 36.6 | 35.0, 38.3 | 0.786 | |
Animal fat (g) | Total | 25.4 | 24.3, 26.4 | 26.5 | 24.9, 28.2 | 27.3 | 26.1, 28.5 | 0.060 |
Boys | 25.2 | 23.7, 26.8 | 27.0 | 24.5, 29.5 | 28.7 | 27.5, 30.0 | 0.0081 | |
Girls | 25.5 | 23.7, 27.3 | 26.1 | 24.5, 27.8 | 25.6 | 24.1, 27.1 | 0.966 | |
Vegetable fat (g) | Total | 12.2 | 11.5, 12.9 | 11.8 | 11.2, 12.4 | 11.3 | 10.8, 11.9 | 0.279 |
Boys | 12.0 | 10.9, 13.0 | 12.6 | 11.4, 13.7 | 11.8 | 10.8, 12.7 | 0.454 | |
Girls | 12.4 | 11.5, 13.3 | 11.2 | 10.3, 12.1 | 10.9 | 10.2, 11.5 | 0.223 | |
Carbohydrate (g) | Total | 240.8 | 229.6, 252.1 | 240.4 | 234.3, 246.6 | 241.7 | 234.3, 249.0 | 0.803 |
Boys | 241.3 | 232.5, 250.1 | 254.0 | 241.3, 266.8 | 250.2 | 240.1, 260.3 | 0.248 | |
Girls | 241.1 | 232.6, 249.5 | 229.3 | 222.8, 235.8 | 231.7 | 221.9, 241.4 | 0.687 | |
Free sugar (g) | Total | 25.9 | 23.6, 28.1 | 26.1 | 24.7, 27.61 | 24.5 | 22.6, 26.5 | 0.659 |
Boys | 25.9 | 23.6, 28.2 | 25.6 | 26.3, 30.9 | 26.4 | 24.3, 28.4 | 0.199 | |
Girls | 25.8 | 22.8, 28.8 | 24.1 | 22.0, 26.2 | 22.4 | 20.2, 24.7 | 0.547 | |