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Table 5 Differences between pacifier and no pacifier with 95% confidence intervals

From: A randomized controlled trial of sucrose and/or pacifier as analgesia for infants receiving venipuncture in a pediatric emergency department

 

n

Change in FLACC score

Crying Time (seconds)

Change in heart rate (bpm)

Total Sample

Unadjusted

84

-1.70 (-3.47, 0.07)

-85.8 (-127.8, -43.8)

6.9 (-3.8, 17.5)

Adjusted

84

-1.44 (-3.08, 0.20)

-80.5 (-117.1, -43.9)

8.1 (-2.7, 18.9)

Unadjusted Results by Age Groups

0–1 month

36

-1.77 (-4.01, 0.47)

-76.5 (-138.6, -14.5)

9.3 (-3.6, 22.1)

1–3 months

28

-2.08 (-5.66, 1.50)

-123.9 (-201.6, -46.3)

0.9 (-23.9, 25.7)

3–6 months

20

-0.70 (-4.02, 2.62)

-42.4 (-105.9, 21.1)

11.2 (-9.0, 31.4)