Table 3 Weighted average effect sizes of categories associated with parents' psychological symptoms
From: Parents' psychological adjustment in families of children with Spina Bifida: a meta-analysis
Category | k | n | Weighted Z r | Effect Size r | Z c | Homogeneity Q | Fail Safe .05 N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Disability parameters | 4 | 385 | .14 | .14 | 2.75** | 2.93 | 10.1 |
Behavior problems | 3 | 273 | .38 | .37 | 6.22*** | 2.60 | 30.9 |
Emotional problems | 2 | 193 | .50 | .47 | 6.90*** | 1.03 | 30.4 |
Social competence | 2 | 109 | -.12 | -.12 | -1.26 | .02 | 0.0 |
Parent factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Socio-economic characteristics | 3 | 264 | -.13 | -.13 | -2.13* | 1.45 | .36 |
Appraised stress | 2 | 177 | .56 | .63 | 7.32*** | 5.90* | 30.8 |
Coping | 2 | 76 | .40 | .38 | 3.31*** | 8.55** | 10.9 |
Parenting satisfaction/competence | 2 | 109 | -.44 | -.41 | -4.44*** | .09 | 12.1 |
Family factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Partner presence | 3 | 211 | -.16 | -.16 | -2.22* | .69 | 1.6 |
Marital adjustment | 2 | 97 | -.43 | -.40 | -4.12*** | .23 | 10.4 |
Family income | 2 | 214 | -.22 | -.22 | -3.15** | 1.05 | 6.2 |
Positive family environment | 5 | 340 | -.45 | -.42 | -8.14*** | 1.17 | 108.6 |
Environment factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Quantity social support | 4 | 240 | -.29 | -.28 | -4.35*** | 3.16 | 22.9 |
Satisfaction social support | 4 | 351 | -.29 | -.28 | -5.37*** | 6.68 | 37.9 |
Formal support | 2 | 214 | -.07 | -.07 | -1.07 | .01 | .0 |