|
N
|
Height-for-age 0 – 5 years
|
Height-for-age 10 – 17 years
|
---|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
---|
Gender
| | | | | |
Male
|
1224
|
−0.20
|
−0.28; −0.12
|
0.21
|
0.14; 0.28
|
Female
|
1181
|
−0.14
|
−0.22; −0.07
|
0.26
|
0.20; 0.33
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p = 0.29
|
Age (years)
| | | | | |
10
|
409
|
−0.24
|
−0.36; −0.13
|
0.27
|
0.17; 0.37
|
11
|
551
|
−0.11
|
−0.22; −0.01
|
0.31
|
0.22; 0.39
|
12
|
322
|
−0.16
|
−0.29; −0.04
|
0.31
|
0.19; 0.42
|
13
|
183
|
−0.12
|
−0.29; −0.05
|
0.25
|
0.10; 0.39
|
≥ 14
|
251
|
−0.26
|
−0.37; −0.15
|
−0.08
|
−0.19; 0.03
|
| |
p = 0.31
|
p < 0.01
|
Socioeconomic position at preschool age
*
| | | | |
A (high-income)
|
86
|
0.31
|
0.03; 0.59
|
0.59
|
0.30; 0.87
|
B
|
289
|
0.13
|
−0.2; 0.28
|
0.41
|
0.29; 0.54
|
C
|
1019
|
−0.13
|
−0.21; −0.05
|
0.28
|
0.21; 0.35
|
D
|
807
|
−0.35
|
−0.45; −0.25
|
0.13
|
0.05; 0.21
|
E (low-income)
|
204
|
−0.33
|
−0.52; −0.15
|
−0.01
|
−0.17; 0.15
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
Current Socioeconomic position
*
| | | |
A (high-income)
|
86
|
0.16
|
−0.05; 0.38
|
0.49
|
0.26; 0.71
|
B
|
603
|
0.00
|
−0.08; 0.09
|
0.33
|
0.25; 0.41
|
C
|
959
|
−0.29
|
−0.36; −0.21
|
0.17
|
0.11; 0.24
|
D e E (low-income)
|
68
|
−0.61
|
−0.92; −0.30
|
0.14
|
−0.40; 0.12
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
Maternal schooling (years)
| | | |
≥ 12
|
206
|
0.41
|
−0.09; 0.17
|
0.39
|
0.26; 0.51
|
9 – 11
|
638
|
−0.11
|
−0.18; −0.03
|
0.28
|
0.21; 0.35
|
5 – 8
|
1363
|
−0.31
|
−0.42; −0.20
|
0.15
|
0.06; 0.23
|
0 – 4
|
177
|
−0.44
|
−0.66; −0.23
|
−0.04
|
−0.25; 0.18
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
Paternal schooling (years)
| | | |
≥ 12
|
221
|
0.05
|
−0.09; 0.18
|
0.37
|
0.25; 0.49
|
9 – 11
|
555
|
−0.06
|
−0.14; 0.02
|
0.31
|
0.23; 0.38
|
5 – 8
|
1044
|
−0.03
|
−0.41; −0.19
|
0.17
|
0.08; 0.26
|
0 – 4
|
136
|
−0.27
|
−0.46; −0.07
|
0.20
|
0.03; 0.38
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p = 0.03
|
Maternal height
| | | | | |
1° tertile
|
795
|
−0.57
|
−0.66; 0.48
|
−0.14
|
−0.22; −0.66
|
2° tertile
|
795
|
−0.06
|
−0.15; 0.03
|
0.23
|
0.15; 0.31
|
3° tertile
|
794
|
0.11
|
0.01; 0.20
|
0.61
|
0.54; 0.69
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
Birth weight (g)
| | | | | |
≥ 4000
|
143
|
0.45
|
0.23; 0.66
|
0.55
|
0.38; 0.74
|
3000-3999
|
1619
|
−0.02
|
−0.08; 0.05
|
0.29
|
0.23; 0.35
|
2500-2999
|
483
|
−0.60
|
−0.69; −0.47
|
0.04
|
−0.06; 0.15
|
< 2500
|
160
|
−1.17
|
−1.40; −0.93
|
−0.06
|
−0.26; 0.14
|
| |
p < 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
Breastfeeding
| | | | | |
Any
|
1945
|
−0,24
|
−0.30; 0.19
|
0.24
|
0.18; 0.29
|
Never
|
460
|
0.09
|
−0.04; 0.22
|
0.22
|
0.10; 0.33
|
| |
p < 0.10
|
p = 0.72
|
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood
| | | | |
During both periods
|
212
|
−0.56
|
−0.74; −0.38
|
−0,02
|
−0.21; 0.17
|
Only during childhood
|
76
|
−0.22
|
−0.48; 0.04
|
0,07
|
−0.19; 0.34
|
Only during pregnancy
|
59
|
−0.46
|
−0.76; 0.17
|
0,23
|
−0.19; 0.67
|
No smoking
|
2042
|
−0.14
|
−0.19; −0.09
|
0,24
|
0.22; 0.32
|
| |
p = 0.01
|
p < 0.01
|
- p value from t test or ANOVA.
- *According to the criteria of the Brazilian Marketing Research Association (childhood: 2003, adolescent: 2008): based on the number of home appliances, cars and paid maids, and education level of the head of household.
- Missing values: current socioeconomic position: 2; maternal schooling: 21; paternal schooling: 449; maternal height: 4.