Table 1 Initial developmental quotient in relation to various prenatal and perinatal risk factors
N | DQ | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prenatal factors | ||||
Fecundation in vitro | yes | 7 | 46 ± 12.1 | 0.124 |
no | 135 | 52.5 ± 10.8 | ||
Drug exposure in pregnancy* | yes | 14 | 51.2 ± 11.3 | 0.734 |
no | 128 | 52.3 ± 11.5 | ||
Tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy | yes | 42 | 50.0 ± 11.4 | 0.127 |
no | 100 | 53.1 ± 10.8 | ||
Multiple gestation | yes | 12 | 44.1 ± 11.2 | 0.012 |
no | 130 | 52.9 ± 11.4 | ||
Prematurity | yes | 43 | 46.8 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
no | 99 | 54.5 ± 11.0 | ||
Post-term birth | yes | 11 | 50.1 ± 12.3 | 0.517 |
no | 131 | 52.4 ± 11.2 | ||
IUGR | yes | 32 | 42.8 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
no | 110 | 54.9 ± 11.4 | ||
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy † | yes | 9 | 44.2 ± 10.9 | 0.030 |
no | 133 | 52.7 ± 11.3 | ||
Hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy ‡ | yes | 13 | 48.3 ± 11.6 | 0.180 |
no | 129 | 52.6 ± 10.9 | ||
Perinatal factors | ||||
Cesarean section | yes | 55 | 51.3 ± 11.3 | 0.445 |
no | 87 | 52.8 ± 11.4 | ||
Birth asphyxia | yes | 18 | 45.8 ± 12.0 | 0.012 |
no | 124 | 53.1 ± 11.3 | ||
Neonatal hypoxia § | yes | 40 | 48.4 ± 11.5 | 0.014 |
no | 102 | 53.7 ± 11.4 | ||
Neonatal infection | yes | 9 | 46.3 ± 12.2 | 0.109 |
no | 133 | 52.6 ± 11.3 |