Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of the explorative measurements at baseline
Control group | Intervention group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Baseline | Baseline | ||
Glycemic control | ||||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 30 | 34.9 (2.8) | 34.9 (2.5) | 1.0 |
Oral glucose tolerance test | ||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 30 | 4.3 (0.2) | 4.4 (0.3) | 0.2 |
Fasting insulin (mmol/L) | 30 | 62.9 (38.5) | 67.7 (25.4) | 0.7 |
120 min (2 h) glucose (mmol/L) | 26 | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.6 (0.8) | 0.8 |
Matsuda Index | 25 | 21.8 (12.4) | 13.0 (3.9) | P <0.05 |
HOMA-IR | 30 | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.7) | 0.6 |
Mean 48 h BG (mmol/L) by CGMS | 19 | 4.8 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.6) | P <0.05 |
Biochemistry | ||||
Alanintransaminase (U/l) | 29 | 30.1 (21.2) | 26.8 (11.1) | 0.6 |
Aspartattransaminase (U/l) | 29 | 33.0 (12.2) | 31.4 (5.2) | 0.7 |
Thyrotropin (x10-3int.enh./l) | 30 | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.7 (0.9) | 0.6 |
Triiodthyronin (nmol/l) | 30 | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.6 (0.3) | 0.3 |
Thyroxin (nmol/l) | 30 | 107.1 (26.8) | 102.1 (18.9) | 0.6 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 30 | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.9) | 0.5 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 30 | 2.7 (0.4) | 2.7 (0.8) | 0.9 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 30 | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.5 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 30 | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.4 |
Estradiol (pmol/L)# | 29 | 35 (30) | 28 (14) | 0.05 |
Testosterone (nmol/L)# | 28 | 0.12 (0.0) | 0.12 (0.0) | 0.9 |
Sex hormone-binding globulin (nmol/L)# | 29 | 62 (37) | 49 (33) | 0.4 |
Follicle-stimulating hormone (IU/L)# | 29 | 1.11 (1.33) | 1.06 (0.81) | 0.9 |
Luteinizing hormone (IU/L)# | 29 | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.4 |
IGFBP-3 (ng/mL)# | 29 | 4080 (1130) | 4695 (490) | 0.06 |
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (ng/mL)# | 29 | 229 (131) | 244.5 (74) | 0.6 |
Adiponectin (ng/mL)# | 26 | 19,547 (8,790) | 18,138 (5,740) | 0.5 |
Leptin (pg/mL)# | 25 | 17,613 (27,432) | 26,399 (23,333) | 0.3 |
Resistin (ng/mL)# | 26 | 7.0 (2.5) | 7.5 (2.1) | 0.3 |
Visfatin (ng/mL)# | 23 | 0.34 (0.49) | 0.39 (0.62) | 0.9 |