Table 3 Characteristics of cases of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria
From: Imported pediatric malaria at the hospital for sick children, Toronto, Canada: a 16 year review
| Â | P. falciparum | P. vivax | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of cases | 76 (70%) | 28 (26%) | Â |
Age (median) | 9.05 | 5.4 | 0.01 |
Male | 45 (59%) | 21 (75%) | 0.047 |
Top 3 countries of origin | Ghana (32%) | Pakistan (38%) | Â |
| Â | Nigeria (28%) | India (35%) | Â |
| Â | Ivory Coast (7%) | Honduras (8%) and Thailand (8%) | Â |
Born in Canada | 28 (37%) | 3 (11%) | 0.01 |
Immigrant or Refugee | 48 (63%) | 23 (82%) | 0.01 |
VFR | 39 (51%) | 9 (32%) | 0.25 |
Tourism/Education | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.01 |
Length of trip (weeks) (median) | 5 (IQR 9–10) | 8 (IQR 3–36) | 0.57 |
Days since arrival in Canada | 14 (IQR 7–21) | 30 (IQR 16–270) | 0.01 |
Days of Symptoms (median)* | 4.0 (IQR 2–7) | 6.5 (IQR 3–11.5) | 0.01 |
Delay to Treatment (days) (mean)** | 1.6 (2.4) | 3.7 (5.6) | 0.27 |
Symptoms on Presentation to ED | Â | Â | Â |
 Headache | 14 (18%) | 8 (29%) | 0.28 |
 Vomiting | 24 (32%) | 9 (32%) | 0.62 |
 Abdominal Pain | 10 (13%) | 3 (11%) | 0.92 |
 Diarrhea | 8 (10%) | 1 (4%) | 0.75 |
 Cough | 9 (12%) | 2 (7%) | 0.90 |
 Anorexia | 6 (8%) | 3 (11%) | 0.85 |
 Malaise | 10 (13%) | 4 (14%) | 0.50 |
 Chills | 12 (16%) | 8 (29%) | 0.16 |
Signs on Presentation to ED | Â | Â | Â |
 Fever | 28 (37%) | 11 (39%) | 0.31 |
 Tachycardia | 19 (25%) | 2 (7%) | 0.30 |
 Hypotension | 6 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 0.51 |
 Hepatosplenomegaly | 17 (22%) | 4 (14%) | 0.50 |
 CNS impairment | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.52 |
Parasitemia (percent) (median) | 0.8 (IQR 0.1-5) | 0.3 (IQR 0.1-0.9) | 0.03 |
WHO defined severe malaria | 19 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 |
Lowest hemoglobin (median) (mg/dL) | 91.5 (IQR 75–104) | 111 (IQR 97–126) | 0.01 |
Lowest platelet (mean) (103/μL) | 116 (116) | 105 (57) | 0.28 |
Length of stay in hospital (days) | 3.0 (IQR 1–4) | 1.0 (IQR 1–3) | 0.02 |
Intensive care admission | 5 | 0 | 0.01 |