Table 4 Risk factors associated with parental concerns on PEDS indicating high developmental risk

Child level

Male gender

11

1.68 (1.48,1.87)

<0.001

88.1%

Male gender (aOR)

3

2.01 (1.38, 2.94)

<0.001

91.6%

>3 years of age

7

1.83 (1.39,2.41)

<0.001

92.7%

Low birth weight

2

1.95 (1.53,2.49)

<0.001

0.0%

Poor/fair child health status

5

3.68 (2.66,5.08)

<0.001

68%

Special health care needs

2

4.86 (2.81,8.38)

<0.001

98%

Family level

Poor maternal mental health (aOR)

3

1.61(1.31,1.99)

<0.001

0.0%

Low socioeconomic status

8

2.12(1.65,2.72)

<0.001

93.9%

Low socioeconomic status (aOR)

2

1.66 (1.08,2.53)

0.019

0.0%

Less than high school education

6

1.79 (1.14,2.79)

0.011

95.5%

Less than high school education (aOR)

3

1.94 (0.60,6.23)

0.26

98.8%

Being read to less than daily

4

1.47(1.28,1.67)

<0.001

30.6%

Family size (6 or more people in household)

4

1.18(0.83,1.68)

0.35

91.9%

Single parent

7

1.46 (1.16,1.84)

0.001

96.8%

Single parent (aOR)

2

0.94(0.75, 1.17)

0.57

0.0%

Ethnicity (vs White)

African American

7

1.95 (1.43,2.66)

<0.001

90.5%

African American (aOR)

2

1.40 (1.10,1.78)

0.006

0.0%

Indigenous

6

1.98 (1.37,2.86)

<0.001

63.6%

Hispanic

4

2.24(1.83,2.72)

<0.001

88.9%

Hispanic (aOR)

2

1.54(1.16,2.04)

0.03

0.0%

Language spoken

English as a second language (all)

5

1.61(1.12,2.33)

0.01

94.2%

English as a second language (Spanish)

5

1.48(0.87,2.53)

0.15

96.5%

Service Level

No Usual Health Care/Medical Home(USA)

5

2.27(1.35,3.81)

0.002

84.3%

No or Public Health Insurance

4

1.85(1.45,2.37)

<0.001

95.2%

No Health Insurance (aOR)

2

2.01(1.01,4.02)

0.048

57.2%

Does not attend formal childcare

4

0.88(0.77,0.99)

0.040

0%