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Table 3 Energy and macronutrient intakes in the studied 6-year-old children

From: Dietary intake in 6-year-old children from southern Poland: part 1 - energy and macronutrient intakes

Energy/nutrient

Reference values

Girls (n = 64)

Boys (n = 56)

All children (n = 120)

P

Girls (n = 64)

Boys (n = 56)

All children (n = 120)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 

Median

SE

Median

SE

Median

SE

Energy

              

(kcal)

body weight dependent

1781

310

1907

318

1840

319

0.035

1746

39

1863

43

1812

29

(kJ)

7462

1298

7986

1332

7707

1335

0.034

7313

162

7809

178

7589

122

Total protein

              

(g)

body weight dependent

59.1

10.8

62.6

12.1

60.7

11.5

0.145

57.1

1.3

60.5

1.6

58.4

1.1

(g/kg body weight)

0.841

2.6

0.6

2.7

0.5

2.7

0.6

0.758

2.5

0.8

2.7

0.7

2.6

0.5

(% of energy)

10-15%

13.4

1.8

13.3

1.7

13.4

1.7

0.935

13.0

0.2

13.7

0.2

13.2

0.2

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

33.4

4.4

32.9

4.2

33.2

4.3

0.908

32.3

0.5

33.9

0.6

32.8

0.4

Animal protein

              

(g)

NA

40.1

9.4

41.7

10.5

40.8

9.9

0.386

38.9

1.2

40.9

1.4

39.3

0.9

(% of total protein)

NA

67.4

5.3

66.0

6.3

66.7

5.8

0.538

68.1

0.7

68.0

0.8

68.1

0.5

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

22.7

4.6

22.0

4.5

22.3

4.6

0.929

22.1

0.6

22.8

0.6

22.3

0.4

Plant protein

              

(g)

NA

19.0

3.2

20.9

3.7

19.9

3.6

0.003

18.9

0.4

20.5

0.5

19.6

0.3

(% of total protein)

NA

32.6

5.3

34.0

6.3

33.3

5.8

0.538

31.9

0.6

32.0

0.8

31.9

0.5

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

10.7

1.0

11.0

1.2

10.8

1.1

0.183

10.7

0.1

11.0

0.2

10.8

0.1

Total fat

              

(g)

NA

64.7

13.7

72.2

18.2

68.2

16.3

0.026

64.5

1.7

69.0

2.4

66.1

1.5

(% of energy)

20-30%

32.2

4.1

33.3

3.8

32.7

4.0

0.062

32.2

0.5

33.5

0.5

32.7

0.4

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

36.3

4.6

37.6

4.3

36.9

4.5

0.057

36.3

0.6

37.9

0.6

37.0

0.4

Saturated fatty acids

              

(g)

NA

27.87

6.82

31.98

9.14

29.79

8.21

0.006

27.89

0.85

30.64

1.22

29.13

0.75

(% of energy)

<10%

14.1

2.3

14.9

2.3

14.5

2.3

0.038

14.0

0.3

14.6

0.3

14.4

0.2

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

15.62

2.50

16.59

2.54

16.07

2.56

0.038

15.56

0.31

16.21

0.34

16.05

0.23

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

              

(g)

NA

8.15

3.11

8.40

2.58

8.26

2.87

0.474

7.71

0.39

7.91

0.34

7.87

0.26

(% of energy)

6-10%

4.2

1.7

4.0

1.1

4.1

1.4

0.846

3.8

0.2

3.7

0.1

3.8

0.1

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

4.62

1.88

4.41

1.21

4.52

1.60

0.842

4.24

0.23

4.16

0.16

4.22

0.15

Monounsaturated fatty acids

              

(g)

NA

23.98

5.34

26.94

7.17

25.36

6.41

0.039

23.94

0.67

25.13

0.96

24.38

0.58

(% of energy)

>10%2

12.1

1.7

12.6

1.8

12.3

1.8

0.108

12.1

0.2

12.4

0.2

12.2

0.2

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

13.45

1.85

14.03

2.05

13.72

1.96

0.108

13.46

0.23

13.81

0.27

13.57

0.18

Cholesterol

              

(mg)

<300

269

85

277

83

273

84

0.474

244

11

260

11

257

8

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

151

41

145

33

148

37

0.621

141

5

137

4

140

3

Total carbohydrates

              

(g)

NA

254.2

49.1

266.0

41.1

259.7

45.7

0.160

249.9

6.1

259.6

5.5

255.7

4.2

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

142.5

11.8

140.1

11.0

141.4

11.5

0.073

141.6

1.5

138.5

1.5

140.1

1.0

Available carbohydrates

              

(g)

1303

239.1

47.0

250.0

38.8

244.2

43.6

0.170

233.1

5.9

243.8

5.2

240.9

4.0

(% of energy)

55-70%4

53.6

4.6

52.7

4.1

53.2

4.4

0.084

53.3

0.6

52.3

0.6

52.7

0.4

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

134.0

11.5

131.6

10.3

132.9

11.0

0.080

133.3

1.4

130.8

1.4

131.8

1.0

Lactose

              

(g)

NA

17.1

7.4

17.3

7.3

17.2

7.3

0.975

16.5

0.9

15.3

1.0

15.9

0.7

(% of energy)

NA

3.9

1.6

3.6

1.4

3.7

1.5

0.420

3.9

0.2

3.6

0.2

3.6

0.1

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

9.6

4.0

9.1

3.5

9.4

3.8

0.420

9.7

0.5

8.9

0.5

9.1

0.3

Sucrose

              

(g)

NA

83.8

25.9

82.5

19.6

83.2

23.1

0.770

81.1

3.2

82.8

2.6

82.2

2.1

(% of energy)

NA

18.6

4.1

17.4

3.5

18.0

3.9

0.035

18.7

0.5

17.5

0.5

18.2

0.4

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

46.5

10.3

43.4

8.9

45.1

9.7

0.035

46.6

1.3

43.8

1.2

45.6

0.9

Starch

              

(g)

NA

111.1

20.2

124.7

21.9

117.5

22.0

0.001

108.2

2.5

126.4

2.9

114.5

2.0

(% of energy)

NA

25.1

3.0

26.3

3.0

25.6

3.0

0.030

24.6

0.4

26.0

0.4

25.3

0.3

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

62.7

7.4

65.7

7.5

64.1

7.6

0.030

61.5

0.9

65.1

1.0

63.3

0.7

Dietary fibre

              

(g)

145

15.2

3.0

16.0

3.6

15.6

3.3

0.166

15.1

0.4

15.8

0.5

15.2

0.3

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

8.6

1.2

8.5

1.7

8.5

1.5

0.293

8.4

0.2

8.1

0.2

8.4

0.1

Total water

              

(g)

16005

1478

235

1506

231

1491

233

0.515

1463

29

1492

31

1470

21

(g/1000 kcal)

NA

838

106

799

113

819

111

0.034

831

13

774

15

815

10

  1. P – significance; NA – not available; NS – not significant (P > 0.05).
  2. 1EAR.
  3. 2Calculated by difference as: total fat – (saturated fatty acids + polyunsaturated fatty acids).
  4. 3RDA.
  5. 4Calculated by difference: as the percentage of total energy – energy from total protein – energy from total fat.
  6. 5AI.