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Table 4 Association of demographic characteristics with likelihood of abuse

From: Prevalence of abuse among young children with femur fractures: a systematic review

Characteristics

Study

Sensitivity (95% CI) (95%CI)

Specificity (95%CI)

LR+ (95% CI)

LR- (95% CI)

P a

Age

      

     < 12 m.o. vs. 12 m.o.-35 m.o.

Thomas, 1991

66.7 (35.9-97.5)

75.0 (53.8-96.2)

2.7 (1.0-7.0)

0.4 (0.2-1.2)

0.09

     < 12 m.o. vs. 12 m.o.-35 m.o.

Hui, 2008

71.4 (47.8-95.1)

55.8 (46.6-64.9)

1.6 (1.1-2.4)

0.5 (0.2-1.2)

0.09b

     < 12 m.o. vs. 12 m.o.-35 m.o.

Leventhal, 2008

81.6 (78.0-85.0)

75.4 (74.0-76.8)

3.3 (3.1-3.6)

0.2 (0.2-0.3)

<0.001

     < 12 m.o. vs. 12 m.o.-59 m.o.

Rex, 2000

92.9 (79.4-100.0)

73.7 (53.9.-93.5)

3.5 (1.6-7.6)

0.1 (0.0-0.7)

<0.001

     < 12 m.o. vs. 12 m.o.-71 m.o.

Shrader, 2011

41.9 (27.1-56.6)

97.9 (95.0-100.0)

19.7 (4.8-81)

0.6 (0.5-0.8)

<0.001

     < 18 m.o. vs. 18 m.o.-47 m.o.

Baldwin, 2011

90.0 (83.0-97.0)

68.3 (60.6-76.1)

2.8 (2.2-3.7)

0.1 (0.1-0.3)

<0.001

Ambulatory Status

      

     Non-ambulatory vs. ambulatory

Schwend, 2000

76.9 (54.0-99.8)

88.1 (82.4-93.7)

6.5 (3.7-11.3)

0.3 (0.1-0.7)

<0.001

     Non-ambulatory vs. ambulatory

Hui, 2008

71.4 (47.8-95.1)

69.0 (60.5-77.6)

2.3 (1.5-3.5)

0.4 (0.2-1.0)

0.006

Health Insurance Status

      

     Uninsured vs. insured

Baldwin, 2011

7.1 (1.2-13.2)

90.6 (85.8-95.5)

0.8 (0.3-2.0)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

0.80

     Uninsured/Medicaid vs. private

Shrader, 2011

76.7 (64.1-89.4)

51.1 (41.0-61.2)

1.6 (1.2-2.0)

0.5 (0.3-0.8)

0.003

     Uninsured/Medicaid vs. private

Blakemore, 1996

37.5 (13.8-61.2)

88.5 (76.2-100.0)

3.3 (0.9-11.2)

0.7 (0.5-1.1)

0.06

Gender

      

     Male vs. female

Schwend, 2000

61.5 (35.1-88.0)

27.8 (20.0-35.6)

0.9 (0.5-1.3)

1.4 (0.7-2.9)

0.52

     Male vs. female

Baldwin, 2011

51.4 (39.7-63.1)

32.4 (24.6-40.2)

0.8 (0.6-1.0)

1.5 (1.1-2.1)

0.002

     Male vs. female

Hui, 2008

50.0 (23.8-76.2)

37.2 (28.3-46.1)

1.2 (0.7-2.0)

0.8 (0.5-1.4)

0.39

     Male vs. female

Rewers, 2005

62.5 (48.4-76.2)

31.7 (26.2-37.1)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

1.2 (0.8-1.8)

0.51

     Male vs. female

Arkader, 2007

80.0 (55.2-100)

40.0 (9.6-70.4)

1.3 (0.7-2.4)

0.5 (0.1-2.1)

0.63

Race

      

     Black vs. White/other

Schwend, 2000

46.2 (19.1-73.3)

77.0 (69.6-84.3)

2.0 (1.0-3.9)

0.7 (0.4-1.2)

0.09

     Black vs. White/Hispanic/other

Rewers, 2005

54.2 (40.1-68.3)

44.2 (38.4-50.1)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

1.0 (0.7-1.4)

0.88

  1. aComputed using two-sided Fisher’s exact test. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant and are presented in bold text.
  2. b P-value reported in Hui [30] paper was 0.037 but calculated to be 0.09 using two-sided Fisher’s exact test.
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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