Haemophilus influenzae type b as an important cause of culture-positive acute otitis media in young children in Thailand: a tympanocentesis-based, multi-center, cross-sectional study

Table 1 AOM pathogens analyzed by age group, gender, and sample collection method

	Total (positive and negative)	Any culture positive	S. pneumoniae	Non-Hib H. influenzae	Hib	M. catarrhalis	S. pyogenes
Age
3–11 months	10	5 (50%)	2	1	1	0	1
12–23 months	16	10 (63%)¹	2	1	5¹	1¹	2
24–35 months	29	11 (38%)	5	2	2	2	0
36–47 months	28	14 (50%)	8²	0	4	2	0
48–59 months	29	16 (55%)³	9³	4³	1	2	1
Total episodes	112	56 (51%)^1,3	26^2,3 (23%)	8 (7%)³	13 (12%)¹	7 (6%)¹	4 (4%)
Male	51	26 (51%)	10² (20%)	5 (10%)	7 (14%)	1 (2%)	3 (6%)
Collection method
Otorrhea	11	6 (55%)	1	1	1	0	3
Tympanocentesis	107	51 (48%)	26⁴	7	12	7	1
Total samples	118⁴	57 (48%)	27 (23%)⁴	8 (7%)	13 (11%)	7 (6%)	4 (3%)

Data presented per episodes in the upper part of the table and per samples in the lower part. Percentages are calculated based on the total (positive and negative) number of episodes or samples respectively.
¹Includes one episode with a co-infection by H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
²Includes one episode with a bilateral infection, from which the two collected samples were culture positive for S. pneumoniae (unknown serotype, same susceptibility to antibiotics).
³Includes one episode with a co-infection by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
⁴Two samples were collected from the 6 children presenting with a bilateral infections, leading to a total of 118 samples from the 112 episodes. No bacteria were identified in 5 bilateral infections, the last one was positive for S. pneumoniae (27 samples from 26 episodes).

ISSN: 1471-2431