Table 1 Observable pain management strategies used during immunization
Strategy (n = 142) | N (%) |
|---|---|
Distraction using singing or talking* | 93 (65.5) |
 Talking only | 92 (64.8) |
 Singing and talking | 1 (0.7) |
Holding (any position) | 54 (38) |
 Front-to-front | 4 (2.8) |
 Front-to-back | 21 (14.8) |
 Front-to-side | 28 (19.7) |
 Combination of positions | 1 (0.7) |
Non-nutritive sucking | 11 (7.7) |
Distraction using any toy | 9 (6.3) |
 Noisy toy | 2 (1.4) |
 Silent toy | 7 (4.9) |
Rubbing at injection site | 8 (5.6) |