Skip to main content

Table 3 Multivariate multinomial analysis of the individual, family and environmental factors and PA levels

From: The effects of individual, family and environmental factors on physical activity levels in children: a cross-sectional study

 

Model 1 (individual level factors)

Model 2 (model 1 + family level factors)

Model 3 (model 1 and 2 + environmental factors)

 

Moderate

High

Moderate

High

Moderate

High

 

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

Individual factors +

      

Gender

      

    Boys

0.96 (0.81-1.14)

0.63

1.54(1.32-1.80)

<0.001

0.85 (0.68 -1.08)

0.19

1.66 (1.37-2.01)

<0.001

0.84 (0.66-1.06)

0.15

1.64 (1.34-2.01)

<0.001

    Girls

1***

1

1

1

1

1

Child’s weight status#

      

    Obese

0.58 (0.42-0.79)

<0.001

0.40 (0.31-0.52)

<0.001

0.86 (0.55-1.34)

0.51

0.41 (0.27-0.61)

<0.001

0.90 (0.57-1.40)

0.63

0.41 (0.27-0.61)

<0.001

    Overweight

0.79 (0.65-0.97)

0.02

0.77 (0.64-0.91)

0.001

0.72 (0.55-1.34)

0.02

0.68 (0.54-0.85)

<0.001

0.75 (.56-1.00)

0.05

0.68 (0.54-0.86)

<0.001

    Normal

1

1

1

1

1

1

Total screen time^

      

    < Recommended 2 hours

0.90 (0.73-1.11)

0.33

0.71 (0.59-0.84)

<0.001

0.97 (0.73-1.28)

0.82

0.67 (0.53-0.86)

<0.001

0.97 (0.73-1.30)

0.85

0.66 (0.52-0.85)

<0.001

    >Recommended 2 hours

1

1

1

1

1

1

Favourite hobby*

      

    Active

1.13 (0.95-1.35)

0.27

1.65 (1.42-1.92)

<0.001

1.21 (0.95-1.53)

0.13

1.62 (1.30-2.03)

<0.001

1.17 (0.91-1.50)

0.21

1.65 (1.31-2.08)

<0.001

    Inactive

1

 

1

1

1

1

Sports/fitness club

      

    Yes

2.28 (1.88-2.77)

<0.001

1.86 (1.58-2.20)

<0.001

2.32 (1.69-3.18)

<0.001

1.92 (1.50-2.46)

<0.001

2.28 (1.66-3.14)

0.001

1.90 (1.48-2.45)

<0.001

    No

1

1

1

 

1

1

Family factors +

      

Caregiver’s education

      

    Third level

  

1.74 (1.18-2.57)

0.01

1.32 (0.96-1.81)

0.09

1.67 (1.12-2.50)

0.01

1.31 (0.94-1.83)

0.11

    Post-secondary

  

1.21 (0.85-1.72)

0.29

1.17 (0.87-1.57)

0.31

1.14 (0.78-1.67)

0.46

1.16 (0.85-1.58)

0.34

    Higher secondary

  

1.17 (0.81-1.68)

0.41

1.09 (0.80-1.47)

0.60

1.16 (0.81-1.68)

0.42

1.08 (0.79-1.49)

0.62

    < =Lower secondary

  

1

1

1

1

Caregiver’s employment

      

    In full time work

  

0.81 (0.61-1.08)

0.15

1.05 (0.82-1.34)

0.73

0.76 (0.57-1.01)

0.06

1.04 (0.72-1.50)

0.79

    Not in full time

  

1

1

1

1

Caregiver’s weight#

      

    Obese

  

1.14 (0.82-1.58)

0.43

1.02(0.76-1.36)

0.90

1.11 (0.79-1.56)

0.54

1.00 (0.74-1.35)

0.99

    Overweight

  

0.85 (0.65-1.11)

0.23

0.94 (0.75-1.17)

0.56

0.80 (0.61-1.05)

0.11

0.92 (0.74-1.16)

0.48

    Normal

  

1

1

1

1

Siblings

      

    Yes

  

1.20 (0.80-1.79)

0.37

0.86 (0.62-1.18)

0.35

1.22 (0.80-1.86)

0.35

0.83 (0.59-1.16)

0.28

    No

  

1

1

1

1

Parenting style

      

    Authoritative

  

1.41 (1.07-1.87)

0.02

1.15 (0.90-1.47)

0.25

1.42 (1.06-1.90)

0.02

1.16 (0.91-1.49)

0.23

    Permissive

  

1

1

1

1

Household type

      

    Two parent

  

1.38 (0.96-1.98)

0.08

1.03(0.77-1.38)

0.82

1.45 (0.99-2.12)

0.06

1.07 (0.79-1.44)

0.74

    One parent

  

1

1

1

1

Environmental factors +

      

Travel to/from school

      

    Active both ways

    

1.13 (0.83-1.41)

0.43

1.34 (1.03-1.74)

0.03

    Active one way

    

1.04 (0.66-1.62)

0.88

1.04 (0.72-1.50)

0.85

    Inactive both ways

    

1

1

School playground**

      

    Good/excellent

    

0.87 (0.67-1.62)

0.29

0.97 (0.76-1.24)

0.82

    Fair/poor

    

1

1

School sports facilities**

      

    Good/excellent

    

1.08 (0.83-1.41)

0.56

0.99 (0.78-1.26)

0.95

    Fair/poor

    

1

1

Safe places to play

      

    Agree

    

0.81 (0.53-1.24)

0.33

1.12 -0.75-1.66)

0.58

    Disagree

    

1

1

After school activities

      

    Yes

    

1.39 (1.05-1.84)

0.02

1.16 (0.92-1.46)

0.22

    No

    

1

1

  1. +All data is primary caregiver reported unless indicated otherwise.
  2. *Child-reported variable.
  3. **School principal reported variable.
  4. #Objectively measured height and weight data.
  5. ***1 denotes reference category.
  6. ^Screen time was according to the American Association of Pediatrics guidelines.
Back to article page

BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

Contact us