Table 3 Drugs identified as manipulated using British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) classification [19]
BNFC classification | Number of manipulations identified – observational study (percentage) | Number of manipulations identified – questionnaire (percentage) |
|---|---|---|
Analgesic | 92 (29.7%) | 33 (17.6%) |
Proton pump inhibitor | 24 (7.7%) | 24 (12.8%) |
Antimuscarinic | 18 (5.4%) | 20 (10.6%) |
Antiemetic | 17 (5.5%) | 5 (2.7%) |
Alginate preparation | 16 (5.2%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Antiplatelet | 15 (4.8%) | 3 (1.6%) |
Opioid analgesic | 14 (4.5%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Benzodiazepines | 13 (4.2%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Antiepileptic | 12 (3.9%) | 6 (3.2%) |
Antibiotic | 11 (3.5%) | 7 (3.7%) |
Neuromuscular blocking | 11 (3.5%) | 0 |
Steroid | 10 (3.2%) | 12 (6.4%) |
ACE inhibitor | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Bronchodilator | 5 (1.6%) | 23 (12.2%) |
Minerals | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Thyroid hormone | 5 (1.6%) | 1 (0.5%) |
Vasodilator | 5 (1.6%) | 1 (0.5%) |
Diuretic | 4 (1.3%) | 0 |
Drugs affecting the ductus arteriosus | 3 (1.0%) | 0 |
Insulin | 3 (1.0%) | 0 |
Laxative | 3 (1.0%) | 4 (2.1%) |
Antipsychotic | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.5%) |
Antiviral | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.5%) |
Flu prophylaxis | 2 (0.6%) | 0 |
Hypothalamic & pituitary hormone | 2 (0.6%) | 0 |
H2 antagonist | 2 (0.6%) | 8 (4.3%) |
Inotrope | 2 (0.6%) | 0 |
Anticoagulant | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Antidepressant | 1 (0.3%) | 0 |
Antihypertensive | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.5%) |
Antimotility | 1 (0.3%) | 3 (1.6%) |
Pineal hormone | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.1%) |
Smooth muscle relaxant | 1 (0.3%) | 0 |
Osmotic laxative | 0 | 6 (3.2%) |
Immunosuppressant | 0 | 4 (2.1%) |
Sedation | 0 | 3 (1.6%) |
Calcium channel blocker | 0 | 2 (1.1%) |
Cytotoxic | 0 | 2 (1.1%) |
Vitamin | 0 | 2 (1.1%) |
Beta-blocker | 0 | 1 (0.5%) |
Skeletal muscle relaxant | 0 | 1 (0.5%) |
Not in BNFC | 1 (0.3%) | 0 |
Total | 310 (100%) | 188 (100%) |