Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the trial groups (mean or frequency and 95% CI)
Intervention | Control | p-value | Missing (n in groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 96 | 89 | ||
Age of mother before pregnancy (years) | 30.9 (29.7 to 32.0) | 30.1 (29.0 to 31.2) | 0.37 a | - |
Mother’s education | 0.82 c | - | ||
Low | 32.3% (23.8% to 42.2%) | 28.1% (19.8% to 38.2%) | ||
Medium | 43.8% (34.3% to 53.8%) | 46.1% (36.1% to 56.4%) | ||
High | 24.0% (16.6% to 33.4%) | 25.8% (17.8% to 35.8%) | ||
Father’s education | 0.27 c | 1, 4 | ||
Low | 34.7% (25.9% to 44.7%) | 35.3% (26.0% to 45.9%) | ||
Medium | 36.8% (27.8% to 46.8%) | 45.9% (35.7% to 56.4%) | ||
High | 28.4% (20.3% to 38.2%) | 18.8% (11.9% to 28.4%) | ||
Mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (26.6 to 28.5) | 26.6 (25.7 to 27.4) | 0.15 a | - |
Proportion of obese mothers (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 26.0% (18.3% to 35.6%) | 19.1% (12.3% to 28.5%) | 0.26 c | - |
Father’s BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (26.5 to 28.1) | 27.1 (26.2 to 28.0) | 0.86 b | 2, 6 |
Proportion of obese fathers (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 20.2% (13.3% to 29.4%) | 16.9% (10.3% to 26.4%) | 0.57 c | 2, 6 |
Mother, Type −2 Diabetes | 0.0% (0.0% to 3.9%) | 1.1% (0.2% to 6.1%) | 0.48 d | 1, 0 |
Father, Type −2 Diabetes | 1.1% (0.2% to 5.8%) | 1.1% (0.2% to 6.2%) | 1.00 d | 2, 2 |
Proportion of obese grandparent (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 56.8% (46.4% to 66.7%) | 63.1% (52.4% to 72.6%) | 0.40 c | 8, 5 |
Proportion of a grandparent having type −2 Diabetes | 39.1% (29.8% to 49.3%) | 43.2% (33.0% to 54.1%) | 0.59 c | 4, 8 |
Parity | 0.24 c | - | ||
Primiparous | 57.3% (47.3% to 66.7%) | 43.8% (35.0% to 55.3%) | ||
Second pregnancy | 26.0% (18.3% to 35.6%) | 32.6% (23.7% to 42.9%) | ||
At least third pregnancy | 16.7% (10.5% to 25.4%) | 23.6% (15.0% to 32.2%) | ||
History of newborn >4500 g | 2.1% (0.6% to 7.4%) | 3.4% (1.2% to 9.4%) | 0.60 c | 1, 0 |
Mother smoking during pregnancy | 5.2% (2.2% to 11.6%) | 11.2% (6.2% to 19.5%) | 0.13 c | - |
Mother’s physical activity (hours/week) during first trimester of pregnancy (before intervention)* | 4.5 (3.9 to 5.1) | 4.7 (3.8 to 5.6) | 0.41 b | 2, 5 |