Table 1 Baseline characteristics of a subsample of participants from the first cohort of Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study in relation to breastfeeding exclusivity for 3 and 6 months †,1,2
Characteristics | Exclusive breastfeeding | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For three months postpartum | For six months postpartum | |||||||
Total | No | Yes | p-value | Total | No | Yes | p-value | |
n = 185 | n = 217 | n = 254 | n = 46 | |||||
Parental socio-demographic factors | ||||||||
Maternal age3, years | 31.0 (6.0) | 31.0 (6.0) | 31.0 (5.0) | 0.5394 | 31.0 (6.0) | 31.0 (6.0) | 32.0 (5.0) | 0.0224 |
Maternal marital Status | ||||||||
Single/Divorced/Separated | 11 (2.7) | 6 (3.3) | 5 (2.3) | 0.7615 | 6 (2.0) | 5 (2.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0.9995 |
Married/Common-law partner | 390 (97.3) | 178 (96.7) | 212 (97.7) | 293 (98.0) | 248 (98.0) | 45 (97.8) | ||
Maternal education level | ||||||||
Less than secondary education | 114 (28.4) | 61 (33.0) | 53 (24.4) | 0.1646 | 83 (27.7) | 75 (29.5) | 8 (17.4) | 0.0075 |
Completed university undergraduate degree | 196 (48.8) | 85 (45.9) | 111 (51.2) | 146 (48.7) | 127 (50.0) | 19 (41.3) | ||
Completed university post-graduate degree | 92 (22.9) | 39 (21.1) | 53 (24.4) | 71 (23.7) | 52 (20.5) | 19 (41.3) | ||
Paid job during pregnancy | ||||||||
Yes | 323 (81.0) | 150 (82.0) | 173 (80.1) | 0.7287 | 242 (81.5) | 209 (83.3) | 33 (71.7) | 0.1007 |
No | 76 (19.0) | 33 (18.0) | 43 (19.9) | 55 (18.5) | 42 (16.7) | 13 (28.3) | ||
Occupational status during pregnancy8 | ||||||||
Full-time | 247 (76.7) | 117 (78.0) | 130 (75.6) | 0.7047 | 189 (78.4) | 163 (78.4) | 26 (78.8) | 0.9995 |
Part-time | 75 (23.3) | 33 (22.0) | 42 (24.4) | 52 (21.6) | 45 (21.6) | 7 (21.2) | ||
Canadian-born mother | ||||||||
No | 62 (15.7) | 33 (18.1) | 29 (13.6) | 0.2667 | 44 (14.9) | 37 (14.7) | 7 (15.9) | 0.8205 |
Yes | 334 (84.3) | 149 (81.9) | 185 (86.4) | 251 (85.1) | 214 (85.3) | 37 (84.1) | ||
Annual household income, CAD | ||||||||
<20,000 | 7 (1.8) | 5 (2.7) | 2 (0.9) | 0.2775 | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.9925 |
20,000-39,000 | 11 (2.8) | 7 (3.8) | 4 (1.9) | 5 (1.7) | 5 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
40,000-69,000 | 52 (13.2) | 19 (10.4) | 33 (15.6) | 41 (13.9) | 35 (14.1) | 6 (13.0) | ||
70,000-99,000 | 105 (26.6) | 50 (27.3) | 55 (25.9) | 78 (26.4) | 66 (26.5) | 12 (26.1) | ||
≥100,000 | 220 (55.7) | 102 (55.7) | 118 (55.7) | 169 (57.3) | 141 (56.6) | 28 (60.9) | ||
Household size3, n | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.2124 | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.1354 |
Paternal education level | ||||||||
Less than secondary education | 113 (40.8) | 54 (46.2) | 59 (36.9) | 0.2706 | 90 (41.1) | 79 (43.2) | 11 (30.6) | 0.0556 |
Completed university undergraduate degree | 111 (40.1) | 44 (37.6) | 67 (41.9) | 87 (39.7) | 74 (40.4) | 13 (36.1) | ||
Completed university post-graduate degree | 53 (19.1) | 19 (16.2) | 34 (221.3) | 42 (19.2) | 30 (16.4) | 12 (33.3) | ||
Paternal birth place | ||||||||
Canada | 230 (83.0) | 93 (79.5) | 137 (85.6) | 0.2377 | 181 (82.6) | 150 (82.0) | 31 (86.1) | 0.6385 |
Foreign countries | 47 (17.0) | 24 (20.5) | 23 (14.4) | 38 (17.4) | 33 (18.0) | 5 (13.9) | ||
Maternal health information | ||||||||
Gravida3, n | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.1244 | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 0.5484 |
Parity | ||||||||
Primiparous | 222 (55.6) | 117 (63.6) | 105 (48.8) | 0.0047 | 175 (58.9) | 156 (62.2) | 19 (41.3) | 0.0136 |
Multiparous | 177 (44.4) | 67 (36.4) | 110 (51.2) | 122 (41.1) | 95 (37.8) | 27 (58.7) | ||
Planned pregnancy | ||||||||
Yes | 330 (82.3) | 144 (78.3) | 186 (85.7) | 0.0697 | 249 (83.6) | 207 (82.1) | 42 (91.3) | 0.1365 |
No | 71 (17.7) | 40 (21.7) | 31 (14.3) | 49 (16.4) | 45 (17.9) | 4 (8.7) | ||
Pre-pregnancy weight3, kg | 63.63 (15.89) | 65.77 (17.35) | 62.66 (14.69) | 0.1324 | 63.63 (15.66) | 64.09 (15.71) | 61.36 (13.40) | 0.0894 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI3,9, kg/m 2 | 22.87 (5.4) | 23.32 (5.7) | 22.35 (4.7) | 0.0164 | 22.98 (5.4) | 22.99 (5.4) | 22.12 (5.3) | 0.0484 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories9, kg/m 2 | ||||||||
Underweight (≤18.5) | 12 (3.1) | 3 (1.7) | 9 (4.2) | 0.2665 | 10 (3.4) | 1 (0.7) | 9 (5.9) | 0.0195 |
Normal (18.6-24.9) | 255 (64.9) | 113 (62.4) | 142 (67.0) | 189 (64.5) | 86 (61.0) | 103 (67.8) | ||
Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 75 (19.1) | 38 (21.0) | 37 (17.5) | 56 (19.1) | 33 (23.4) | 23 (15.1) | ||
Obese (≥30) | 51 (13.0) | 27 (14.9) | 24 (11.3) | 38 (13.0) | 21(14.9) | 17 (11.2) | ||
IIFAS score10,11 | 67.06 (741) | 64.42 (7.57) | 69.08 (6.62) | <0.00112 | 67.27 (7.59) | 66.60 (7.63) | 70.67 (6.44) | 0.00112 |