Table 4 Immediate newborn care in facility births vs home births
From: Newborn care practices at home and in health facilities in 4 regions of Ethiopia
Indicator | Overall | Home birth | Facility birth | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Weighted percentage | Frequency | Weighted percentage | Frequency | Weighted percentage | ||
(95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||||
Thermal care | |||||||
Proportion of newborns who were wiped/dried before delivery of the placenta* | 132/197 | 63.2% | 84/136 | 58.9% | 48/61 | 76.6% | 0.0124 |
(53.1, 73.3) | (48.5, 69.3) | (63.8, 89.4) | |||||
Proportion of newborns who were wrapped before delivery of the placenta* | 176/206 | 82.3% | 114/137 | 80.5% | 62/69 | 87.3% | 0.2004 |
(72.5, 92.1) | (69.8, 91.2) | (76.8, 97.8) | |||||
Placement of newborn immediately after delivery | |||||||
On the floor | 6/217 | 2.8% | 6/140 | 3.4% | 0/77 | 0% | 0.2273 |
(0.1, 5.5) | (0.1, 7.7) | ||||||
On the mother’s chest/belly | 20/217 | 7.7% | 3/140 | 2.1% | 17/77 | 21.5% | 0.000 |
(2.6, 12.7) | (0, 4.6) | (9.9, 33.1) | |||||
Beside the mother | 72/217 | 38.5% | 64/140 | 48.7% | 8/77 | 12.9% | 0.001 |
(29.3, 47.8) | (40.4, 57.1) | (2.8, 23.1) | |||||
With someone else | 50/217 | 21.9% | 43/140 | 27.0% | 7/77 | 9.2% | 0.0090 |
(14.8, 29.0) | (16.9, 37.2) | (2.3, 16.1) | |||||
On newborn bed/table | 37/217 | 12.6% | 5/140 | 2.3% | 32/77 | 38.3% | 0.000 |
(5.3, 19.8) | (0, 5.2) | (25.2, 51.4) | |||||
Other | 24/217 | 13.0% | 19/140 | 15.9% | 5/77 | 5.7% | 0.0240 |
(6.4, 19.6) | (7.6, 24.3) | (1.2, 10.2) | |||||
Don’t know | 8/217 | 3.5% | 0/140 | 0% | 8/77 | 12.3% | 0.0016 |
(0.2, 6.9) | (14.0, 23.3) | ||||||
Proportion of newborns placed in skin-to-skin position at some point on the day of birth | 29/216 | 12.9% | 10/140 | 7.7% | 19/76 | 25.8% | 0.0036 |
(6.7, 19.0) | (1.8, 13.6) | (13.6, 38.1) | |||||
Proportion of newborns whose bathing was delayed at least 24 hours | 59/214 | 25.3% | 29/139 | 18.7% | 30/75 | 42.3% | 0.0071 |
(16.7, 33.9) | (10.1, 27.4) | (27.1, 57.5) | |||||
Cord care | |||||||
Article used to tie the cord | |||||||
New string/thread | 106/217 | 45.8% | 65/140 | 41.8% | 41/77 | 55.8% | 0.2060 |
(30.2, 61.4) | (22.6, 61.0) | (41.1, 70.5) | |||||
String/thread | 22/217 | 8.3% | 10/140 | 6.1% | 12/77 | 13.8% | 0.1057 |
(3.8, 12.7) | (1.8, 10.4) | (3.9, 23.6) | |||||
Fiber from ensete plant | 34/217 | 22.3% | 34/140 | 31.3% | 0/77 | 0% | 0.0102 |
(6.7, 38.0) | (12.2, 50.4) | ||||||
Cord not tied | 12/217 | 5.8% | 12/140 | 8.1% | 0/77 | 0% | 0.2670 |
(0, 12.3) | (0, 17.2) | ||||||
Other | 44/217 | 27.8% | 43/140 | 37.9% | 1/77 | 2.6% | 0.0010 |
(11.3, 44.3) | (17.7, 58.0) | (0, 7.8) | |||||
Don’t know | 33/217 | 12.4% | 10/140 | 6.2% | 23/77 | 27.8% | 0.0004 |
(6.8, 17.9) | (1.3, 11.1) | (16.8, 38.9) | |||||
Instruments used to cut the cord | |||||||
New razor blade | 124/218 | 63.5% | 122/140 | 88.3% | 2/78 | 2.3% | 0.0000 |
(52.4, 74.6) | (83.4, 93.2) | (0, 5.7) | |||||
Previously used razor blade | 13/218 | 4.7% | 12/140 | 6.2% | 1/78 | 1.1% | 0.0747 |
(1.1, 8.3) | (1.0, 11.3) | (0, 3.3) | |||||
Scissors | 54/218 | 20.0% | 2/140 | 1.4% | 52/78 | 65.8% | 0.0000 |
(11.2, 28.7) | (0, 3.6) | (54.0, 77.6) | |||||
Other | 2/218 | 1.6% | 2/140 | 2.3% | 0/78 | 0% | 0.2778 |
(0, 5.2) | |||||||
(0, 3.8) | |||||||
Don’t know | 25/218 | 10.2% | 2/140 | 1.8% | 23/78 | 30.8% | 0.0000 |
(5.5, 14.8) | (0, 4.3) | (19.3, 42.2) | |||||
Applications to the cord immediately after cutting | |||||||
Nothing applied | 137/217 | 65.2% | 99/139 | 72.6% | 38/78 | 47.1% | 0.0286 |
(32.4, 61.8) | |||||||
(54.3, 76.1) | (58.4, 86.8) | ||||||
Butter applied | 36/217 | 16.9% | 31/139 | 21.0% | 5/78 | 7.0% | 0.0208 |
(8.2, 25.7) | (9.8, 32.1) | (0, 14.0) | |||||
Other substance applied | 8/217 | 3.0% | 3/139 | 1.9% | 5/78 | 5.7% | 0.2367 |
(0, 6.0) | (0, 4.6) | (0, 13.3) | |||||
Don’t know | 36/217 | 14.9% | 6/139 | 4.6% | 30/78 | 40.3% | 0.0000 |
(9.7, 20.0) | (1.3, 7.8) | (27.4, 53.2) | |||||
Nutrition | |||||||
Proportion of newborns breastfed within the first hour | 113/218 | 52.1% | 69/140 | 50.2% | 44/78 | 56.7% | 0.3977 |
(43.3, 60.8) | (38.8, 61.6) | (46.2, 67.2) | |||||
Proportion of mothers who squeezed out and threw away the colostrum/first milk | 94/217 | 44.5% | 70/139 | 50.2% | 24/78 | 30.4% | 0.0160 |
(34.2, 54.8) | (38.0, 62.5) | (18.9, 41.8) | |||||
Proportion of newborns given something other than breast milk during the first 2 days | 30/217 | 12.4% | 18/139 | 11.9% | 12/78 | 13.8% | 0.6908 |
(7.6, 17.2) | (5.8, 17.9) | (6.3, 21.1) | |||||
Among newborns who were fed other foods/liquids during the first week, type of food given:** | |||||||
Plain water | 8/30 | 32.7% | 7/18 | 44.2% | 1/12 | 8.2% | 0.0571 |
(11.1, 54.3) | (18.8, 69.5) | (0, 26.0) | |||||
Sugar water | 8/30 | 25.1% | 4/18 | 21.4% | 4/12 | 33.0% | 0.5369 |
(8.4, 41.8) | (9.4, 41.8) | (1.2, 64.7) | |||||
Fresh butter | 4/30 | 14.2% | 4/18 | 20.9 | 0/12 | 0% | 0.1308 |
(0, 29.5) | (0.9, 9.5) | ||||||
Milk (other than breast milk) | 5/30 | 13.2% | 1/18 | 3.9% | 4/12 | 33.0% | 0.0265 |
(1.3, 25.1) | (0, 12.1) | (4.9, 61.2) | |||||
Other | 11/30 | 41.6% | 7/18 | 45.1% | 4/12 | 34.0% | 0.5325 |
(19.5, 63.6) | (14.6, 75.6) | (14.3, 53.8) | |||||