Skip to main content

Table 3 Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among Nicaraguan mothers in the study

From: Intimate partner violence and early child growth: a community-based cohort study in Nicaragua

Type of violence

% of all mothers, n = 375

Any lifetime violence*

73

Lifetime emotional violence

54

Lifetime physical violence

31

Lifetime sexual violence

14

Any violence during pregnancy†

63

Emotional violence during pregnancy

32

Physical violence during pregnancy

13

Sexual violence during pregnancy

7

Controlling behavior by father of the child

55

  1. *Ever exposure to emotional, physical, or sexual IPV or controlling behavior by the father of the child. †Exposure during pregnancy to emotional, physical, or sexual IPV or controlling behavior by the father of the child.
Back to article page

BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

Contact us