Table 3 Risk factors for low birth weight (<2500g) and preterm birth among 1132 live-born infants a
From: Pregnancy loss and role of infant HIV status on perinatal mortality among HIV-infected women
| Â | No. of LBW (%) | Relative risk (95% CI) | No. of preterm birth (%) | Relative risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Infant Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 79/587 (13.5) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 97/583 (16.6) | 1.03 (0.79–1.35) |
Female | 82/535 (15.3) | Â | 85/528 (16.1) | Â |
Maternal Health Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CD4 cells/mm 3 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<350 | 105/611 (17.2) | 1.57 (1.16–2.12) | 108/608 (17.8) | 1.24 (0.94–1.63) |
≥350 | 56/510 (11.0) |  | 72/503 (14.3) |  |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<10 | 66/330 (20.0) | 1.67 (1.25–2.23) | 54/325 (16.6) | 1.04 (0.78–1.40) |
≥10 | 93/778 (12.0) |  | 123/773 (15.9) |  |
Plasma viral load, copies/ml | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≥50,000 | 96/505 (19.0) | 1.82 (1.36–2.45) | 94/500 (18.8) | 1.32 (1.01–1.72) |
<50,000 | 64/614 (10.4) | Â | 87/609 (14.3) | Â |
Clinical stage | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Symptomatic | 73/431 (16.9) | 1.33 (1.00–1.78) | 68/427 (15.9) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) |
Asymptomatic | 88/693 (12.7) | Â | 114/687 (16.6) | Â |
History of tuberculosis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 28/106 (26.4) | 2.02 (1.42–2.88) | 23/105 (21.9) | 1.39 (0.94–2.05) |
No | 133/1018 (13.1) | Â | 159/1009 (15.8) | Â |
History of having swollen glands | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 29/138 (21.0) | 1.57 (1.09–2.25) | 34/138 (24.6) | 1.62 (1.17–2.25) |
No | 132/984 (13.4) | Â | 148/975 (15.2) | Â |
BMI, kg/m 2 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<18.5 | 37/150 (24.7) | 2.41 (1.71–3.39) | 34/146 (23.3) | 1.76 (1.25–2.47) |
≥18.5 | 88/858 (10.3) |  | 112/845 (13.3) |  |
Socioeconomic and Clinical Factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, year | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<20 | 13/101 (12.9) | 0.92 (0.54–1.57) | 23/101 (22.8) | 1.35 (0.92–2.00) |
20–30 | 115/824 (14.0) | 1.0 | 137/814 (16.8) | 1.0 |
>30 | 33/199 (16.6) | 1.19 (0.83–1.69) | 22/199 (11.1) | 0.66 (0.43–1.00) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Some (0–8th grade level) | 101/702 (14.4) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 127/692 (18.4) | 1.41 (1.05–1.89) |
HS grade (≥9th grade level) | 60/422 (14.2) |  | 55/422 (13.0) |  |
Electricity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 102/671 (15.2) | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 119/668 (17.8) | 1.26 (0.95–1.67) |
Yes | 59/453 (13.0) | Â | 63/446 (14.1) | Â |
Food run out at least 1 day in last month | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 32/244 (13.1) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 46/245 (18.8) | 1.20 (0.89–1.62) |
No | 129/879 (14.7) | Â | 136/868 (15.7) | Â |