Table 1 Baseline characteristics
| Â | Vitamin A Low dose (%) | Vitamin A High dose (%) | P-value Low doses vs. High dose | Non-participants (%) | P-value Non-participants vs. Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 4359 | 4223 | Â | 2076 | Â |
Sex | |||||
   Male | 2260 (51.8) | 2109 (50.0) |  | 1018 (49.0) |  |
   Female | 2099 (49.2) | 2114 (50.0) | 0.08 | 1058 (51.0) | 0.13 |
Age (months) | |||||
   6-11 | 661 (15.2) | 513 (12.1) |  | 330 (15.9) |  |
   12-17 | 510 (11.7) | 478 (11.3) |  | 289 (13.9) |  |
   18-35 | 1464 (33.6) | 1463 (34.6) |  | 677 (34.1) |  |
   36-60 | 1724 (39.5) | 1769 (41.9) | < 0.001 | 780 (37.6) | < 0.001 |
Type of most recent vaccine 1 | |||||
   BCG/MV | 1565 (35.9) | 1492 (35.3) |  | 704 (33.8) |  |
   DTP | 2240 (51.4) | 2186 (51.7) | 0.94 | 988 (47.7) | < 0.001 |
"Vitamin-A-at-birth" trial | |||||
   VAS-at-birth | 634 (50.7) | 514 (49.2) |  | 250 (45.6) |  |
   Placebo | 617 (49.3) | 530 (50.8) | 0.04 | 298 (54.4) | 0.06 |
District | |||||
   Bandim | 1927 (44.2) | 1834 (43.4) |  | 1018 (49.0) |  |
   Belem/Mindara | 800 (18.3) | 746 (17.7) |  | 356 (17.2) |  |
   Cuntum | 1632 (37.4) | 1643 (38.9) | 0.36 | 702 (33.8) | < 0.001 |
Ethnic group | |||||
   Pepel | 1359 (30.2) | 1289 (30.5) |  | 603 (29.0) |  |
   Fula | 634 (14.5) | 623 (14.7) |  | 404 (19.5) |  |
   Manjaco | 553 (12.7) | 569 (13.5) |  | 228 (11.0) |  |
   Others | 1813 (41.6) | 1742 (41.3) | 0.70 | 841 (40.5) | < 0.001 |
Maternal education 3 (years) | |||||
   0 | 1318 (30.2) | 1255 (29.7) |  | 800 (38.5) |  |
   1-4 | 706 (16.2) | 707 (16.7) |  | 345 (16.6) |  |
   5-6 | 699 (16.0) | 654 (15.5) |  | 269 (13.0) |  |
   ≥ 7 | 1160 (26.6) | 1147 (27.2) | 0.87 | 396 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
Maternal age 3 (years) | |||||
   ≤ 18 | 194 (4.5) | 153 (3.6) |  | 87 (4.2) |  |
   19-24 | 1237 (28.4) | 1196 (28.3) |  | 645 (31.1) |  |
   25-29 | 1168 (26.8) | 1192 (28.2) |  | 617 (29.7) |  |
   ≥ 30 | 1366 (31.3) | 1320 (31.3) | 0.22 | 526 (25.3) | < 0.001 |
Number of siblings 3 | |||||
   0-1 | 1399 (32.1) | 1387 (32.8) |  | 720 (34.7) |  |
   2-3 | 1703 (39.1) | 1682 (39.8) |  | 879 (42.3) |  |
   ≥ 4 | 1068 (24.5) | 986 (23.3) | 0.48 | 414 (19.9) | < 0.001 |
Type of roof 2 | |||||
   Straw | 249 (5.7) | 246 (5.8) |  | 120 (5.8) |  |
   Zinc (hard) | 3919 (89.9) | 3803 (90.0) | 0.85 | 1890 (91.0) | 0.07 |
Electricity 2 | |||||
   No | 2926 (67.1) | 2868 (67.9) |  | 1489 (71.7) |  |
   Yes | 1240 (28.5) | 1182 (28.0) | 0.66 | 521 (25.1) | < 0.001 |