From: Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
Vitamins | Units | Neuro-typicals (n = 44) | Arizona Treatment Group (N = 18) | Arizona Placebo Group (N = 22) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Pre | Post | % change | p-value | Pre | Post | % change | p-value |
Vit. A (plasma) | ug/100 ml | 54.9 +/- 12 | 62.3 +/- 12 | 59.0 +/-13 | -5% | n.s. | 50.2 +/- 7.2 | 52.9 +/-13 | +5% | n.s. |
Total Carotenes (beta carotene and other carotenes, in plasma) | ug/ 100 ml | 178 +/-53 | 158 +/- 53 | 170 +/- 65 | +7% | n.s. | 136 +/- 53 | 150 +/-59 | +10% | n.s. |
Vit B1 Thiamine (WB) | ug/l | 63 +/-9 | 63 +/- 12 | 80 +/-12 | +27% | 0.0005 | 65 +/-9 | 65 +/-11 | 0% | n.s. |
Vit B2 Riboflavin (WB) | ug/l | 282 +/-52 | 291 +/- 42 | 295 +/-36 | 1% | n.s. | 272 +/- 45 | 262 +/-55 | -3% | n.s. |
Vit B3 Niacin and Niacinamide (WB) | ug/l | 7.07 +/-1.0 | 6.7 +/- 1.1 | 7.3 +/-0.9 | +9% | 0.04 | 7.1 +/- 1.3 | 7.2 +/-1.0 | +1% | n.s. |
Vit B5 Pantothenic Acid (WB) | ug/l | 714 +/-180 | 654 +/- 104 | 748 +/-170 | +14% | 0.06 | 600 +/- 117 | 629 +/-159 | +5% | n.s. |
Vit B6 (as P5P in RBC) | ug/l | 15.2 +/-5.3 | 20.3 +/- 15 | 58.1 +/-24 | +187% | 0.00001 | 17.8 +/- 14 | 16.1 +/-11 | -10% | n.s. |
Folic Acid (serum) | ug/l | 18.7 +/-6.1 | 20.1 +/- 7.5 | 26.3 +/-7.1 | +31% | 0.03 | 15.3 +/- 4.8 | 17.8 +/-8.2 | 17% | 0.09 |
Vit B12 (plasma) | ng/l | 676 +/-215 | 696 +/- 231 | 835 +/-259 | +20% | 0.002 | 690 +/- 240 | 639 +/-246 | -7% | n.s. |
Vit C (plasma) | mg/ 100 ml | 1.33 +/-0.46 | 1.59 +/- 0.60 | 2.08 +/-0.34 | +31% | 0.007 | 1.60 +/- 0.59 | 1.55 +/-0.51 | -3% | n.s. |
Vit D3 (25-hydroxy in plasma) | ug/l | 28.6+/-8.5 | 29.6 +/- 8.3 | 25.4 +/-6.2 | -14% | 0.04 | 28.9 +/- 8.7 | 25.9 +/-7.8 | -10% | n.s. |
Total Vit E (serum) | mg/ 100 ml | 0.90 +/-0.32 | 0.78 +/- 0.16 | 0.97 +/-0.21 | +24% | 0.002 | 0.75 +/- 0.19 | 0.84 +/-0.24 | +12% | n.s. |
Biotin (WB) | ng/l | 491 +/-164 | 395 +/- 115 | 595 +/-225 | +51% | 0.008 | 377 +/- 88 | 527 +/-162 | +40% | 0.001 |
Vit K (plasma) | nmol/l | 295 +/- 189 | 288 +/- 116 | 330 +/- 165 | +15% | n.s. | 317 +/- 197 | 277 +/- 98 | -13% | n.s. |
Vitamin-like substances | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Free Choline (RBC) | mg/l | 5.6 +/- 1.7 | 6.7 +/- 3.5 | 5.9 +/- 2.0 | -12% | n.s. | 6.4 +/- 2.3 | 7.0 +/- 1.7 | +10% | n.s. |
Total Choline (RBC) | mg/l | 310 +/- 51.4 | 363 +/- 59 | 343 +/- 43 | -5% | n.s. | 361 +/- 67 | 368 +/- 42 | +2% | n.s. |
Lipoic Acid (plasma) | ug/l | 2.9 +/- 1.2 | 3.1 +/- 1.8 | 2.3 +/- 0.7 | -22% | n.s. | 2.3 +/- 1.5 | 2.1 +/- 1.2 | -9% | n.s. |
Biomarkers of functional need for vitamins | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
FIGLU | ug/l | 1.62 +/- 0.72 | 1.87 +/- 0.93 | 1.32 +/- 0.64 | -29% | 0.01 | 2.11 +/- 0.91 | 1.85 +/- 0.98 | -12% | n.s. |
Methylmalonic Acid | mg/g-creat | 7.2 +/- 4.8 | 8.2 +/- 5.6 | 4.8 +/- 4.2 | -41% | 0.03 | 6.7 +/- 5.7 | 8.7 +/- 10.4 | +30% | n.s. |
N-methyl-nicotinamide | mg/g-creat | 3.44 +/- 2.1 | 4.62 +/- 3.5 | 3.1 +/- 1.6 | -33% | n.s. | 4.94 +/- 5.1 | 5.15 +/- 3.1 | +4% | n.s. |
Kryptopyrroles | ug/dl | 35.8 +/- 15 | 38.0 +/- 23 | 36.2 +/- 29 | -5% | n.s. | 40.3 +/- 29 | 38.1 +/- 24 | -5% | n.s. |