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Table 2 Characteristics of HIV-exposed infants tested and not tested for HIV by DNA PCR, and of infants testing PCR positive and PCR negative in the Tanzania Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) pilot program

From: Introducing a multi-site program for early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in Tanzania

 

HIV-exposed

infants not

tested

HIV-exposed

infants

tested*

Total

p-value§

Infants with a

positive first

DNA PCR *

Infants with a

negative first

DNA PCR *

p-value§

 

n = 69 (%)

n = 441(%)

n = 510 (%)

 

n = 75 (%)

n = 361 (%)

 

Gender

       

Male

16(23%)

252(57%)

268 (53%)

<0.01

45(60%)

206(57%)

0.82

Female

8(12%)

188(43%)

196 (38%)

 

30(40%)

154(43%)

 

Missing data

45(65%)

1(0%)

46(9%)

 

0(0%)

1(0%)

 

Age at registration β

       

Less than 6 weeks

62(90%)

57(13%)

119 (23%)

<0.01

10(13%)

46(13%)

0.22

6 weeks - < 6 months

2(3%)

218(49%)

220 (43%)

 

36(48%)

179(50%)

 

6 months - < 12 months

1(1%)

108(25%)

109 (21%)

 

14(19%)

93(26%)

 

≥ 12 months

4(6%)

58(13%)

62 (12%)

 

15(20%)

43(12%)

 

Initiated cotrimoxazole prophylaxis

      

Yes

54(78%)

432(98%)

486 (95%)

<0.01

75(100%)

352(98%)

0.18

No

9(13%)

9(2%)

18 (4%)

 

0(0%)

9(2%)

 

Missing data

6(9%)

0(0%)

6(1%)

 

0(0%)

0(0%)

 

Health facility where EID € services were received

      

Regional Hospital 1

0(0%)

93(21%)

93 (18%)

<0.01

14(19%)

76(21%)

0.75

Regional Hospital 2

59(86%)

122(28%)

181 (35%)

 

18(24%)

103(29%)

 

Zonal Hospital

1(1%)

140(32%)

141 (28%)

 

27(36%)

112(31%)

 

Health Centre

9(13%)

86(20%)

95(19%)

 

16(21%)

70(19%)

 

Referral source of HIV-exposed infants

      

HIV Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC)

2(3%)

205(47%)

207 (41%)

<0.01

35(47%)

169(47%)

0.11

PMTCT/Maternal Child Health clinics

64(93%)

197(45%)

261 (51%)

 

29(39%)

165(46%)

 

Other

3(4%)

39(9%)

42 (8%)

 

11(15%)

27(7%)

 

PMTCT ARV's π received by infants

      

Single-dose Nevirapine

60(87%)

270(61%)

330 (65%)

<0.01

34(45%)

232(64%)

<0.01

None

9(13%)

171(39%)

180 (35%)

 

41(55%)

129(36%)

 

PMTCT ARV's π received by mothers

      

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

1(1%)

11(2%)

12 (2%)

0.16

0(0%)

10(3%)

0.04

Single-dose Nevirapine

24(35%)

203(46%)

227 (45%)

 

27(37%)

173(48%)

 

None

44(64%)

227(52%)

271 (53%)

 

48(64%)

178(49%)

 

Both mother and infant received PMTCT ARV's π

      

Yes

22 (32%)

198 (45%)

220 (43%)

0.04

25(33%)

169(47%)

0.03

No

47 (68%)

243 (55%)

290 (57%)

 

50(67%)

192(53%)

 

Mother and/or infant received PMTCT ARV's π

      

Yes

63(91%)

286(65%)

349(68%)

<0.01

36(48%)

246(68%)

<0.01

No

6(9%)

155(35%)

161(32%)

 

39(52%)

115(32%)

 

Parent/guardian received DNA PCR results

      

Yes

n/a

238(55%)*

n/a

 

51(68%)

187 (52%)

0.01

No

 

198(45%)

  

24(32%)

174(48%)

 
  1. *5 HIV-exposed infants with indeterminate results at first DNA PCR testing are excluded from this table, 4 of whom returned for PCR test results
  2. § P-values are from Pearson's chi-square tests
  3. β Age that the status of being HIV-exposed was first recognised and formally recorded for follow-up
  4. € EID = Early Infant Diagnosis
  5. π PMTCT ARV's = Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission Anti Retroviral Therapy
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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