Table 2 NICU admission- and treatment-related data

Underlying respiratory disorder

 RDS, n(%)

2945(52.7)

245(78.5)^*

824(69.4)^*

1371(56.4)^*

482(31.4)

23(19.8)^*

< 0.001

 Pneumonia/sepsis, n(%)

2028(36.3)

91(29.1)^*

352(29.6)^*

775(31.8)^*

755(49.1)

55(47.4)

< 0.001

 TTN, n(%)

515(9.2)

1(0.3)^*

27(2.2)^*

232(9.5)^*

232(15)

23(29.8)

< 0.001

 HIE, n(%)

158(2.8)

1( 0.3)^*

7(1186, 0.5)^*

28(1.1)^*

107(6.9)

15(12.9)^*

< 0.001

 Apnea, n(%)

145(2.6%)

11(3.5%)^*

75(6.3%)

47(1.9%)^*

12(0.8%)

0(0)

< 0.001

 MAS, n(%)

95(1.7)

0(0)^*

0(0)^*

7(0.2)^*

81( 5.2)

6(5.1)

< 0.001

 PPHN, n(%)

101(1.8)

1(0.3)^*

6(0.5)^*

12(0.4)^*

74( 4.8)

8(6,8)

< 0.001

Treatment interventions

 Non-invasive respiratory support only, n(%)

3341(59.8)

87(27.8)^*

742(62.5)^*

1801(74)^*

665(43.2)

46(39.6)

< 0.001

  CPAP initial, n(%)

2843(50.9)

66(21)

595(50.2)

1580(64.9)

564(36.7)

38(32.7)

< 0.001

  NIPPV initial, n(%)

213(3.8)

14(4.5)

79(6.7)

91(3.7)

26(1.7)

3(2.6)

< 0.001

  BiPAP initial, n(%)

217(3.9)

6(1.9)

51(4.3)

100(4.1)

57(3.7)

3(2.6)

0.314

  HFNC initial, n(%)

64(1.1)

1(0.3)

17(1.4)

27(1.1)

17(1.1)

2(1.7)

0.536

  NHFOV initial, n(%)

4(0.1)

0(0)

0(0)

3(0.1)

1(0.1)

0(0)

0.722

 Non-invasive and invasive respiratory support, n(%)

1431(25.6)

154(49.3)^*

359(30.2)

473(19.4)^*

415(27.1)

28(24.1)

< 0.001

 Invasive respiratory support only, n(%)

812(14.5)

71(22.7)^*

85(7.1)^*

159(6.5)^*

455(29.6)

42(36.2)

< 0.001

 Conventional mechanical ventilation, n(%)

661(11.8)

56(17.8)

64(5.4)

123( 5.0)

382(24.9)

36(31)

0.724

 High frequency mechanical ventilation, n (%)

180(3.2)

18(5.7)

14(1.2)

27(1.1)

108(7.0)

13(11.2)

0.684

 A repeat mechanical ventilation, n (%)

195(8.7)

77(34.4)^*

73(16.6)^*

23(4.8)

19(2.2)

2(2.9)

< 0.001

 Escalation to mechanical ventilation from non-invasive ventilation, n(%)

544(11.4)

90(37.3)^*

199(18.1)^*

163(7.2)

84(7.8)

8(10.8)

< 0.001

 PS (overall), n(%)

2151(38.5)

226(72.4)^*

647(54.5)^*

849(34.8)^*

404(26.2)

25(21.5)

< 0.001

 PS for RDS, n(%)

1824(61.9)

193(78.8)^*

539(65.4)

759(55.4)^*

317(65.8)

16(69.6)

< 0.001

 PS for MAS, n(%)

28(32.6)

2(33.3)

6(33.3)

14(31.1)

6(40)

0(0)

0.845

 iNO therapy, n(%)

153(2.7)

11(3.5)

18(1.5)^*

18(0.7)^*

95(6.1)

11(9.4)

< 0.001

 Caffeine therapy, n(%)

1954(35.3)

254(81.1)^*

864(73.4)^*

762(31.5)^*

71(4.7)

3(2.6)

< 0.001

 ECMO, n(%)

12(0.2)

1(0.3)

4(0.3)

5(0.2)

1(0.06)

1(0.8)

0.301