Variables | IBD, n = 130 | CD, n = 73 (56.2) | UC, n = 57 (43.8) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.096* |
 Male | 84 (64.6) | 52 (71.2) | 32 (56.1) |  |
 Female | 46 (35.4) | 21 (28.8) | 25 (43.9) |  |
Nationality | Â | Â | Â | 1.000* |
 Bahraini | 112 (86.2) | 63 (86.3) | 49 (86.0) |  |
 Non-Bahraini | 18 (13.8) | 10 (13.7) | 8 (14.0) |  |
Age at presentation (yr) | 10.9 (9.1–13) | 11.4 (9.7–13) | 10 (7.5–12.7) | 0.034†|
IBD onset (Paris Classification) |  |  |  | 0.035‡ |
 Infantile (< 2 year) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) |  |
 Very-early onset (2 to < 6 year) | 15 (11.5) | 4 (5.5) | 11 (19.3) |  |
 Early onset (6 to < 10 year) | 34 (26.2) | 18 (24.7) | 16 (28.1) |  |
 Late onset (10 to < 18 year) | 80 (61.5) | 51 (69.9) | 29 (50.9) |  |
Post-diagnosis disease duration (yr) | 4.8 (1.3–11.1) | 3.2 (1.2–8.7) | 7.6 (2.5–13.7) | 0.017†|
Clinical presentations | 120 (92.3) | 67 (91.8) | 53 (93) | 1.000* |
 Diarrhea | 86 (71.7) | 40 (59.7) | 46 (86.8) | 0.001* |
 Bloody diarrhea | 75 (62.5) | 28 (41.8) | 47 (88.7) | < 0.001* |
 Recurrent abdominal pain | 75 (62.5) | 48 (71.6) | 27 (50.9) | 0.024* |
 Weight loss | 60 (50.0) | 41 (61.2) | 19 (35.8) | 0.010* |
 Pallor | 49 (40.8) | 24 (35.8) | 25 (47.2) | 0.262* |
 Anorexia | 46 (38.3) | 29 (43.3) | 17 (32.1) | 0.258* |
 Vomiting | 36 (30.0) | 21 (31.3) | 15 (28.3) | 0.841* |
 Arthralgia | 30 (25.0) | 16 (23.9) | 14 (26.4) | 0.833* |
 Perianal disease | 28 (23.3) | 26 (38.8) | 2 (3.8) | < 0.001* |
 Fever | 22 (18.3) | 13 (19.4) | 9 (17) | 0.815* |
 Constipation | 18 (15.0) | 14 (20.9) | 4 (7.5) | 0.061* |
 Skin rash | 12 (10.0) | 8 (11.9) | 5 (9.4) | 0.772* |
 Jaundice | 6.0 (5.0) | 2 (3.0) | 4 (7.5) | 0.404* |
 Hematemesis | 5 (4.2) | 2 (3.0) | 3 (5.7) | 0.654* |
 Extraintestinal manifestationsa | 47 (36.2) | 24 (35.3) | 18 (34.0) | 0.852* |
Laboratory markers | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hematocrit (%), (n = 127) | 30.9 (26.4–36) | 30.9 (25.8–37.2) | 30.3 (26.6–35.7) | 0.553†|
 ESR (mm/h), (n = 120) | 25 (15-44.8) | 27 (15–46) | 20 (13–44) | 0.434†|
 CRP (mg/dL), (n = 118) | 13.9 (1.6–48.2) | 34.5 (7.4–65) | 3.6 (1.0-17.5) | < 0.001†|
Disease activity at presentation (n = 121) |  |  |  | < 0.001‡ |
 Mild | 30 (24.8) | 26 (38.2) | 4 (7.5) |  |
 Moderate | 45 (37.2) | 17 (25.0) | 28 (52.8) |  |
 Severe | 46 (38) | 36.8 (36.8) | 21 (39.6) |  |
Medications used | 119 (91.5) | 65 (89%) | 54 (94.7) | 0.346* |
 Prednisolone | 94 (79.0) | 54 (83.1) | 40 (74.1) | 0.263* |
 Omeprazole | 86 (72.3) | 45 (69.2) | 41 (75.9) | 0.538* |
 Azathioprine | 85 (71.4) | 54 (83.1) | 31 (57.4) | 0.002* |
 Folic acid | 85 (71.4) | 46 (70.8) | 31 (57.4) | 1.000* |
 Mesalazine | 73 (61.3) | 31 (47.7) | 42 (77.8) | 0.001* |
 Iron supplementation | 71 (59.7) | 35 (53.8) | 36 (66.7) | 0.190* |
 Vitamin D supplementation | 55 (46.2) | 34 (52.3) | 21 (38.9) | 0.196* |
 Biological therapy | 55 (46.2) | 38 (58.5) | 17 (31.5) | 0.005* |
 Calcium supplementation | 42 (35.3) | 25 (38.5) | 17 (31.5) | 0.448* |
 Multivitamins | 37 (31.1) | 21 (32.3) | 16 (29.6) | 0.843* |
 H2 blockers | 6.0 (5.0) | 1 (1.5) | 5 (9.3) | 0.090* |
 Ursodeoxycholic acid | 5.0 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (9.3) | 0.017* |
 Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) | 4.0 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.4) | 0.040* |
 Vitamin B12 supplementation | 3.0 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.6) | 0.091* |
 Other medicationsb | 11 (9.2) | 7 (9.6) | 4 (7.0) | 0.752* |
 Exclusive enteral nutrition | 8 (6.2) | 6 (8.2) | 2 (3.5) | 0.465* |