The association of dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity with obesity among Iranian adolescents: a case-control study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

Variables	Case (N = 203)	Control (N = 203)	P-value
Age (year)	16.28 ± 0.64	16.25 ± 0.68	0.708
BMI (kg/m²)	29.08 ± 3.54	21.09 ± 1.85	0.001
WC (cm)	92.78 ± 10.17	75.28 ± 5.11	0.001
Sex, boy (%)	51.7	51.7	1.000
Physical activity (%)			0.135
Low Moderate High	14.3 54.7 31.0	10.3 49.8 39.9
Income (%)			0.154
Low Moderate High	55.2 40.4 4.4	45.8 47.8 6.4
Energy (Kcal/day)	2863.49 ± 212.43	2554.28 ± 141.69	0.001
CHO (g/day)	396.94 ± 29.86	370.19 ± 34.42	0.001
Protein (g/day)	101.33 ± 7.06	90.13 ± 5.89	0.001
Fat (g/day)	101.06 ± 10.61	83.69 ± 4.10	0.001
GI	63.20 ± 1.10	61.11 ± 1.57	0.001
GL	85.47 ± 3.17	87.20 ± 6.39	0.001

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; CHO: carbohydrate; GI: glycemic index; GL: glycemic load
Values are mean ± standard deviation or percent
P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant
Independent Sample t-Test and chi-square have been used
Significant values are shown in bold

ISSN: 1471-2431