The role of nutrition in analysis of risk factors and short-term outcomes for late-onset necrotizing enterocolitis among very preterm infants: a nationwide, multicenter study in China

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for the occurrence of LO-NEC in VPIs

Variables	LO-NEC onset			aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) 8 ~ 14d vs. 0d	aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) > 14d vs. 0d	aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) 8 ~ 14d vs. > 14d
	LO-NEC occurring between 8 ~ 14d	LO-NEC occurring after 14d	non-LO-NEC	aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) 8 ~ 14d vs. 0d	aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) > 14d vs. 0d	aβ/OR ^a (95% CI) 8 ~ 14d vs. > 14d
	(n = 128)	(n = 84)	(n = 2297)
Early feeding	65 (50.8)	47 (56.0)	1217 (53.0)	0.42 (0.14 ~ 0.84)	0.94 (0.47 ~ 2.89)	0.28 (0.19 ~ 0.77)
High proportion of breastfeeding	27 (21.1)	33 (39.3)	1072 (46.7)	0.25 (0.10 ~ 0.78)	0.53 (0.08 ~ 0.89)	0.37 (0.15 ~ 0.82)
Fasting time	7.8 (4.0,10.0)	6.7 (4.5,8.0)	1.5 (0.7,4.0)	-4.65 (− 6.02 ~ − 2.14)	-3.32 (− 5.18 ~ − 2.07)	-1.12 (− 7.88 ~ 2.55)
Cumulative dose of MCT/LCT emulsion during W1	13.8 (10.2,15.9)	12.6 (9.5,13.8)	12.2 (9.7,14.7)	-3.44 (− 7.19 ~ − 1.16)	-2.07 (− 8.43 ~ 1.97)	-3.59 (− 6.45 ~ − 2.76)
Gestational age	29.8 (28.5,30.7)	30.0 (28.8,30.9)	30.1 (28.9,31.1)	-1.98 (− 5.64 ~ − 0.45)	-1.34 (− 6.78 ~ 4.96)	-1.47 (− 5.19 ~ 3.84)
Grade III-IV NRDS	24 (18.8)	14 (16.7)	336 (14.6)	3.32 (1.76 ~ 6.45)	2.11 (0.75 ~ 5.87)	2.43 (0.68 ~ 7.54)

MCT/LCT Medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride, NRDS Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, HMF Human milk fortifier, W1 the first week after birth, BW Birth weight, IMV Invasive mechanical ventilation, hsPDA Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, EOS Early-onset sepsis
^aAdjusted for the amount of HMF, days for full fortification, cumulative calories during W1, days to regain BW, IMV, Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 min, antenatal steroids, hsPDA, EOS, anemia requiring blood transfusion

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