Table 2 Nutrition-related characteristics of VPIs among the three groups

Early feeding, n(%)

65 (50.8)

47 (56.0)

1217 (53.0)

0.546

0.761

Fasting time^c, [M(Q1,Q3)], days

7.8 (4.0,10.0)^a

6.7 (4.5,8.0)^a

1.5 (0.7,4.0)

187.127

< 0.001

High proportion of breastfeeding, n(%)

27 (21.1)^a,b

33 (39.3)

1072 (46.7)

25.437

< 0.001

Breast milk volume on addition of HMF, [M ( Q1,Q3 )], ml/kg/day

97.8 (91.9,120.0)

100.0 (90.2,114.2)

102.9 (89.8,128.0)

1.748

0.174

Days for full fortification, [M (Q1,Q3)], days

7.5 (3.0,13.5)

9.0(8.0,15.0)

7.0 (4.0,18.0)

0.143

0.886

Cumulative dose of amino acids during W1, [M ( Q1,Q3 )], g/kg

16.1 (13.4,18.4)

16.4 (14.1,19.5)

16.0 (13.3,18.4)

0.874

0.417

Cumulative dose of MCT/LCT emulsion during W1, [M (Q1,Q3 )], g/kg

13.8 (10.2,15.9)^a,b

12.6 (9.5,13.8)

12.2 (9.7,14.7)

28.914

< 0.001

Cumulative dose of SMOF lipid emulsion during W1, [M (Q1,Q3 )], g/kg

14.0 (12.5,14.2)

14.2 (12.2,15.6)

13.6 (10.5,16.0)

0.117

0.889

Cumulative calories during W1, [M (Q1,Q3 )], kcal

493.0 (421.3,569.9)

477.4 (420.1,550.1)

497.5 (422.2,564.1)

0.757

0.469

Age at reaching the target total calorie intake (110 kcal/kg), [ M ( Q1,Q3 )], days

10.5 (8.0,12.0)^a

10.0 (7.0,17.0)^a

9.0 (7.0,14.0)

3.093

0.046

Days to regain BW, [M (Q1,Q3 )], days

10.5 (8.0,12.5)^a

9.5 (6.5,11.5)

9.0 (7.0,12.0)

7.73

< 0.001

Weight growth velocity, [M (Q1,Q3 )], g/kg/day

13.8 (10.6,16.0)^a,b

15.2 (13.5,18.8)

16.1 (12.9,18.3)

5.457

0.004