The role of nutrition in analysis of risk factors and short-term outcomes for late-onset necrotizing enterocolitis among very preterm infants: a nationwide, multicenter study in China

Table 1 Perinatal and clinical data of VPIs among the three groups

Variable	LO-NEC		non-LO-NEC	χ2/Z	P
	LO-NEC occurring between 8 ~ 14d	LO-NEC occurring after 14d	non-LO-NEC
	(n = 128)	(n = 84)	(n = 2297)
GA, [M(Q1,Q3)], weeks	29.8 (28.5,30.7)^a	30.0 (28.8,30.9)	30.1 (28.9,31.1)	3.670	0.026
BW, [M(Q1,Q3)], grams	1285 (1120,1490)	1260 (1092,1450)^a	1340 (1130,1550)	6.841	0.001
Cesarean section, n(%)	79 (61.7)	52 (62.0)	1402 (61.0)	0.047	0.977
Multiple gestation, n(%)	44 (34.3)	19(22.6)	758 (33.0)	4.134	0.127
Male gender, n(%)	67 (52.3)	37(44.0)	1271 (55.3)	4.496	0.106
Gestational diabetes mellitus, n(%)	26 (20.3)	16 (19.0)	389 (16.9)	1.186	0.553
HDCP, n(%)	24 (18.7)	23(27.3)	463 (20.2)	2.819	0.244
Full-course antenatal steroids^c, n(%)	64 (50.0)	41 (48.8)	1118 (48.7)	0.086	0.958
Fetal distress, n(%)	12 (9.3)	4(4.7)	205 (8.9)	1.802	0.406
Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 min, n(%)	16 (12.5)	15(17.8)	277 (12.1)	2.536	0.281
SGA, n(%)	8 (6.3)	5 (5.9)	119 (5.2)	0.361	0.835
Anemia^d, n(%)	121 (94.5)^a	78 (92.8)^a	1912 (83.2)	16.535	< 0.001
Grade III-IV NRDS^e, n(%)	24 (18.8)	14 (16.7)	336 (14.6)	1.837	0.399
EOS, n(%)	20 (15.6)	13 (15.5)	336 (14.6)	0.137	0.934
hsPDA, n(%)	23 (17.9)	16 (19.0)	392 (17.1)	0.283	0.868
Blood transfusion^d, n(%)	99 (77.3)^a	68 (80.9)^a	1319 (57.4)	36.912	< 0.001
Antibiotics^d, n(%)	126 (98.4)	81 (96.4)	2185 (95.2)	3.096	0.213
Duration of antibiotics^d, [M(Q1,Q3)], days	19.0 (13.0, 28.0)^a	27.0 (17.0, 34.0)^a,b	11.0 (8.0, 19.0)	79.752	< 0.001
IMV^d, n(%)	79 (61.7)^a,b	48 (57.1)	1101 (47.9)	11.560	0.003
Postnatal corticosteroid use^d, n(%)	23 (18.0)	15 (17.8)	315 (13.7)	3.300	0.770

GA Gestational age, BW Birth weight, HDCP Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, SGA Small for gestational age, NRDS Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, EOS Early-onset sepsis, hsPDA Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, IMV Invasive mechanical ventilation
^aSignifcantly diferent between the non-LO-NEC group and LO-NEC group
^bSignifcantly diferent between the LO-NEC occurring between 8 ~ 14d group and LO-NEC occurring after 14d group
^cA complete course of antenatal betamethasone consisted of two intramuscular 12-mg doses that were administered to mothers 24 h apart
^dData for diseases and interventions in the LO-NEC group were collected before the occurrence of NEC
^eAll Grade III-IV NRDS patients have received IMV treatment

ISSN: 1471-2431