Table 2 Clinical interventions, and diagnosis and treatment sub-modules included in WHO level-2+ small and sick newborn care scoring
Clinical Intervention | Diagnosis and treatment/management sub-modules | |
|---|---|---|
WHO Level-2 small and sick newborn care | 1. Thermal care including KMC for all stable neonates < 2000 g (59 items included) | Diagnosis • Temperature monitoring for baby Treatment/management • Items for thermal support • Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) • Devices for thermal support • Device power sources • Infection prevention • Infrastructure for thermal support • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training |
2. Assisted feeding and intravenous (IV) fluids (107 items included) | Diagnosis • Blood glucose screening Treatment/management • Breast feeding and milk banking • Cup feeding • Nasogastric (NG) tube feeding • IV fluids • IV fluids equipment and consumables • Device power sources • Infection prevention • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
3. Safe administration of oxygen (64 items included) | Diagnosis • Oxygen assessment • Vital sign monitoring Treatment/management • Items for oxygen provision • Oxygen sources, including devices • Device power sources • Infection prevention • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
4. Detection and management of neonatal sepsis with injection antibiotics (42 items included) | Diagnosis • Readiness for culture • Temperature monitoring for baby Treatment/management • Antibiotics • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
5. Detection and management of neonatal jaundice with phototherapy (69 items included) | Diagnosis • Bilirubin measurement • Laboratory can assess underlying causes • Other monitoring for baby Treatment/management • Equipment for phototherapy provision • Consumables for phototherapy provision • Device power sources • Therapeutic irradiance • Infection prevention • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
6. Detection and management of neonatal encephalopathy (29 items included) | Diagnosis • Diagnostics Treatment/management • Seizure management • Therapeutic hypothermia • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
7. Detection and referral/management of congenital abnormalities (23 items included) | Treatment/management • Referral communication systems • Referral transport systems • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
Transition from WHO level-2 to level-3 small and sick newborn care | 8. CPAP management of preterm respiratory distress (80 items included) | Diagnosis • Oxygen assessment • Vital sign monitoring Treatment/management • Items for CPAP • Equipment for CPAP • Oxygen sources, including devices • Device power sources • Infection prevention • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training |
9. Perform exchange transfusion for a newborn (63 items included) | Diagnosis • Bilirubin measurement • Laboratory can assess underlying causes • Other monitoring for baby Treatment/management • Equipment for exchange transfusion • Blood bank support for transfusion • Infection prevention • Guidelines, initiation of care, and training | |
10. Provide follow-up of at-risk newborns (3 items included) | Treatment/management • Guidelines and discharge plan |