Prepregnancy obesity is associated with cognitive outcomes in boys in a low-income, multiethnic birth cohort

BMC Pediatrics

Table 1 Participant demographics and outcome values by child sex (n = 368)

	Boys (n = 165)	Girls (n = 203)	p-value
Maternal
Prepregnancy BMI category, n (%)			0.54
Underweight	9 (5.5)	9 (4.4)
Normal weight	83 (50.3)	95 (46.8)
Overweight	34 (20.6)	55 (27.1)
Obese	39 (23.6)	44 (21.7)
Dominican ethnicity, n (%)	98 (59.4)	118 (58.1)	0.81
Maternal education <high school, n (%)	49 (29.7)	78 (38.4)	0.08
Receipt of public assistance or Medicaid, n (%)^a	152 (92.7)	183 (90.6)	0.48
Never married, %	108 (65.5)	143 (70.4)	0.31
HOME score	38.8 ± 6.5	39.7 ± 6.0	0.14
Total GWG, kg	17.0 ± 6.8	16.1 ± 7.9	0.25
GWG Z-score	0.26 ± 0.95	0.08 ± 1.09	0.10
Maternal IQ score	85.0 ± 13.1	86.4 ± 13.3	0.35
Detectable PAH^c, n (%)	48 (36.9)	55 (36.2)	0.89
High chlorpyrifos^d (> 6.17 pg/g), n (%)	19 (16.1)	18 (12.1)	0.34
Child
Age at WISC-IV, months	84.6 ± 2.1	84.8 ± 2.3	0.42
Full-scale composite WISC-IV score	96.9 ± 13.3	99.7 ± 11.6	0.03
Intellectual disability^e, n (%)	1 (0.61)	3 (1.5)	0.42
Verbal comprehension WISC-IV score	94.6 ± 11.9	96.6 ± 11.5	0.11
Perceptual reasoning WISC-IV score	100.0 ± 14.5	100.3 ± 12.7	0.78
Working memory WISC-IV score	96.3 ± 14.2	99.9 ± 13.4	0.01
Processing speed WISC-IV score	99.8 ± 16.2	102.6 ± 14.9	0.08

Values are means ± SD or percentages. ^aData available on 152 boys and 183 girls; ^cData available on 130 boys and 152 girls; ^dData available on 118 boys and 149 girls; ^eFull-scale WISC-IV score < =70. BMI, body mass index; GWG, Gestational weight gain; HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; WISC-IV, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

ISSN: 1471-2431