Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Birth weight ≤ 1250 g

Major congenital anomalies

Requiring intubation/mechanical ventilation

Congenital heart disease

First planned extubation

Cardiac arrhythmias

Receiving any vasopressor at time of extubation

Receiving any sedatives at time of extubation

Extubation from high frequency ventilation

Direct extubation to room air, oxyhood or low flow nasal cannula

Accidental/unplanned extubation

Death prior to extubation