Table 1 Variables with P value of .1 or under in univariable analysis

Ethnicity

<.001

 European/Other

102 (57.3)

112 (53.6)

1.00

 Asian

7 (3.9)

33 (15.8)

0.23 (0.09, 0.52)

 Maori

47 (26.4)

38 (18.2)

1.36 (0.82, 2.26)

 Pacific Island

22 (12.4)

26 (12.4)

0.93 (0.49, 1.74)

Smoking

.006

 Neither smoke

109 (61.2)

161 (77)

1.00

 Mother smokes

15 (8.4)

12 (5.7)

1.05 (0.83, 4.17)

 Father smokes

19 (10.7)

16 (7.7)

1.75 (0.86, 3.60)

 Both smoke

35 (19.7)

20 (9.6)

2.58 (1.43, 4.78)

Long labour

.01

 No

153 (87.4)

198 (94.7)

1.00

 Yes

22 (12.6)

11 (5.2)

2.59 (1.22, 5.50)

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

.07

 No

136 (76.4)

174 (83.7)

1.00

 Yes

42 (23.6)

34 (16.3)

1.58 (0.95, 2.62)

Mode of delivery

.06

 Unassisted

102 (57.3)

128 (61.2)

1.00

 C sect – elective

15 (8.4)

31 (14.8)

0.61 (0.31, 1.18)

 C sect – emergency

38 (21.3)

30 (14.4)

1.61 (0.93, 2.78)

 Forceps or vacuum

23 (12.9)

20 (9.6)

1.46 (0.76, 2.82)

Breastfed duration (months)

178

208

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

.003

Formula

.006

 No

29 (16.3)

58 (27.9)

1.00

 Yes

149 (83.7)

150 (72.1)

1.99 (1.20, 3.28)

Cow’s milk start < 13 months of age

.009

 No

71 (39.9)

111 (53.1)

1.00

 Yes

107 (60.1)

98 (46.9)

1.71 (1.14, 2.56)

Colic

<.001

 Never

54 (30.3)

88 (42.3)

1.00

 Seldom

67 (37.6)

77 (37)

1.42 (0.89, 2.28)

 Often

21 (11.8)

28 (13.5)

1.22 (0.63, 2.36)

 Always

36 (20.2)

15 (7.2)

3.91 (1.99, 7.99)

Reflux

.005

 Never

110 (61.8)

150 (72.1)

1.00

 Seldom

31 (17.4)

39 (18.8)

1.08 (0.63, 1.84)

 Always and often

37 (20.8)

19 (9.1)

2.66 (1.47, 4.95)

Probiotic use in last 12 months

.04

 No

153 (86.4)

193 (92.8)

1.00

 Yes

24 (13.6)

15 (7.2)

2.02 (1.02, 3.98)

Vitamin C use in last year

.07

 No

137 (77.4)

144 (69.2)

1.00

 Yes

40 (22.6)

64 (30.8)

0.66 (0.42, 1.04)

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in last 12 months

.01

 No

148 (83.1)

191 (91.4)

1.00

 Yes

30 (16.9)

18 (8.6)

2.15 (1.15, 4.01)

Wheeze in last 12 months

.007

 No

99 (55.6)

144 (68.9)

1.00

 Yes

79 (44.4)

65 (31.1)

1.77 (1.17, 2.68)

Blocked nose

<.001

 Only with cold, rarely or never

84 (47.1)

180 (86.1)

1.00

 Always or often

94 (52.8)

29 (13.9)

6.95 (4.25, 11.34)

Variable

COME n (%)

Controls n (%)

OR (CI)

P value

Snoring

<.001

 Never

14 (7.9)

49 (23.6)

1.00

 Seldom

29 (16.3)

58 (27.9)

1.75 (0.84, 3.76)

 Only with cold

21 (11.8)

38 (18.3)

1.93 (0.88, 4.37)

 Often

46 (25.8)

37 (17.8)

4.35 (2.13, 9.32)

 Always

68 (38.2)

26 (12.5)

9.15 (4.44, 19.89)

Runny nose

<.001

 No

11 (6.2)

35 (16.7)

1.00

 Only with cold

85 (47.8)

126 (60.3)

2.15 (1.06, 4.64)

 Yes – clear

51 (28.7)

36 (17.2)

4.50 (2.08, 10.40)

 Yes – purulent

31 (17.4)

12 (5.7)

8.20 (3.28, 22.15)

Mouth breathing

<.001

 Never

19 (10.7)

63 (30.4)

1.00

 Rarely

39 (22.0)

44 (21.3)

2.94 (1.52, 5.83)

 Only with cold

28 (15.8)

52 (25.1)

1.79 (0.90, 3.59)

 Often

50 (28.2)

38 (18.4)

4.36 (2.28, 8.63)

 Always

41 (23.2)

10 (4.8)

13.59 (5.95, 33.63)

4 or more colds in last 12 months

<.001

 No

61 (34.3)

145 (69.4)

1.00

 Yes

117 (65.7)

64 (30.6)

4.35 (2.84, 6.66)

Sibling tympanostomy tubes

.002

 No

141 (79.2)

189 (90.4)

1.00

 Yes

37 (20.8)

20 (9.6)

2.48 (1.38, 4.46)

Daycare hours per week

174

208

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

.03

Older siblings

.07

 No

82 (46.1)

77 (36.8)

1.00

 Yes

96 (53.9)

132 (63.2)

0.68 (0.45, 1.03)

Maternal OM

.02

 No

116 (65.5)

156 (76.0)

1.00

 Yes

61 (34.5)

49 (23.9)

1.67 (1.07, 2.62)

Fully vaccinated

.10

 No

16 (9)

30 (14.4)

1.00

 Yes

162 (91)

178 (85.6)

1.71 (0.90, 3.25)